2. Warm-up  What is a sub-continent?  What do you remember about India from last year World Geography?

3. Indus River Valley Civilization  Indian subcontinent  Indian Ocean  Mountain ranges (Himalayas)  Two great rivers- Ganges River flows southeast through a fertile valley  West the Indus River flows southwest across the a drier plain.

4. Indus River Valley Civilization  Climate: Monsoons  Winds that mark the seasons in India November to March. Blow from the north and northeast.

5. Warm-up  “ A changing Society” describe how the Indian caste system and Americas social classes are different or the same…

7. Indus River Valley Civilization  2500 BC/ River valley lasted till 1500 BC  Two ancient cities Harappa, Mohenjo Daro named it the Harappan civilization  Had wide streets, had a water system with public baths and brick sewers.  Two story brick homes (had bathrooms and garbage chutes)  Citadel-built on brick platform

8. Indus River Valley Civilization  Rich farmlands  Grew cotton, wheat, barley, rice  Raised cattle, sheep, pigs, and goats  Irrigated their fields, farmers build canals and ditches.  Written language  Worshiped a great god, worshiped a bull, buffalo, and the tiger.

9. Indo-Aryan Migrants  1750 BC tribes of Indo –European people began to cross the Hindu-Kush Mountains  Came from the North of the Black and Caspian Seas.

10. Indo-Aryan Migrants  Vedic Age:  Sheep & cattle herders as well as skilled warriors.  Conquered all of Northern India…  Vedas: Indo Aryans’ great works of religious literature.  Sankskrit language  Period from 1500 BC to 1000BC the Vedic Age.  Religion: Vedas drawn from nature. Earth, fire, light, rain, sky, storms, sun, and water.

11. Indo-Aryan Migrants  Vedic Age:  Brahmins- special priests, became important in Indo-Aryan society. Sanskrit became the language used by priests in their rituals.

12. Hinduism & Buddhism  Developed in India  Upanishads- explanations of the Vedic religion  Stories developed into stories, combined into two epics.  Epics- long poems based on historical or religious themes.  Became known as the Mahabharata and Ramayan  Mahabharata tells the great story of a great battle in a kingdom in what is now northern India.  Epic is known as the Bhagavad Gita(famous in the Hindu scriptures.)

13. Hinduism & Buddhism  Changing Society:  Transformed Indian society between 1500 B.C. and 500 AD. Establishment of the cast system:  Cast system: a complex form of social organization that began to take shape after the Indo-Aryan migration.

14. Hinduism  India's major religion, Hinduism….  Upanishads, divine essence called Brahman fills everything in the world.  Belief in the unity of God and creation is called monism