1. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) OVERHEAD POWER LINES REAL TIME MONITORING : A FUTURE TREND ? August 2003: Black-Out in USA initiated by ampacity problem

2. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) The problems Ampacity (power transit reserve available), based on maximum sag possible Vibration/movement monitoring (any kind) Ageing evaluation/predictive maintenance Load flow redirection in case of potential problems (thunderstorm, icing,..) Market Liberalisation and « nimby » symptom force to operate Lines at different conditions than they were originally designed for

3. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Real time monitoring : Targets ? National dispatching (informations in due time for bulk power lines) Utilities and national transmission network management (trouble shooting, risk evaluation with vibrations, ageing, etc..) Cable manufacturers (to evaluate (new) cable behaviour, like HT, self-damping, etc.) Scientific world (to follow up in real time some phenomena to better understand/study)

4. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Ampacity (courtesy PTI, Dale Douglas)

5. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Vibrations

6. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Gusty wind, icing, etc..

7. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Available systems Vibration recorders (near suspension clamp) Two examples (Pavlica (Hydroquébec) and VIBREC (Sefag))

8. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Sag measurement From the tower

9. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) In span current/wind/solar and temperature measurement Multisensor device (Davis, USA, 1994)

10. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Dead-end span recording Tension recording (anchoring tower) (T. Seppa,USA, 1993)

11. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) In span measurement Temperature sensor SAW (TUD, Pr Hinrichsen), presented at CIGRE 2004

12. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA)

13. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) In span multisensors Multisensors (Protura, NO, 2004)

14. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) In span vibrations by fiber optics Fiber Bragg grating (Sintef, NO, 2004)

15. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) In span autonomous multisensors In span autonomous multisensor (Ulg, Belgium, 2004)

16. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Ampacimon on 220 kV line in Belgium

17. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Typical signal analysis

18. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Typical day outputs (tension, tower stiffness)

19. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Findings (70 kV line) Actual sag much larger (+94% in sag) than « as built » conditions (of course extrapolated to actual temperature conditions) Difficulties in the definition of conductor temperature, direct sag evaluation is extremely helpful Not yet any high frequency vibrations observed (one year of continuous recording)

20. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Challenges for in-span systems Low weight (not to disturb vibrations) Autonomous (extract power from the line at a non constant load) Manage corona problem (antenna !) Manage strong transients (lightning, short- circuit) with systems reactive to a few volts

21. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Challenges for in-span systems Data management (locally, base station) to limit transmitted informations The distance between system and base station Synchronism between some informations will be sometimes needed

22. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Global network approach Transmission line level : in span systems License-free HF radio wave transmission to base station (few km from one system) Base station linked to Internet Secure web site with intelligent data analysis Operator’s console digest informations transferred Availability of data storage for any purpose Combine electrical and mechanical protection approach

23. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) In span system maintenance In span system may be tailored from the ground in its vicinity and new software may be stored without direct link Diagnostic may be obtained from the ground, some systems may be installed in sleep mode without global disturbance Information may be transmitted from one system to another (with possible jump) Inside system, some redundance is used for low cost material

24. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Conclusions Overhead lines are not Swiss watches !! Real time measurement is a must for actual operation and control of power lines Autonomous system needed One good way is using in-span systems

25. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Conclusions (continued) In-span allows to measure ampacity, movement (thunderstorm, ice shedding), vibrations Direct sag measurement is possible Challenges : robustness, EMC, low weight Competition open including global network system approach

26. September 2005 Pr. J.L. Lilien CABLE DYNAMICS 2005 Charleston SC(USA) Acknowledgment The Ampacimon project has been developed under the sponsorship of the government of the « Communauté Française de Belgique », ARC project 03-08/296. We kindly acknowledge the three teams of research involved : Microsystems : Pr J. Destiné, Ir. J-M. Feiereisen, O. Fontaine Spatial research center : Pr C. Jamar, Ir. L. Renson, J-M. Gillis Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy : Pr J.L. Lilien, Ir. S. Guérard, B. Godard