1. Nursing Diagnoses Clients with Urinary Elimination Problems Heather Nelson, RN

2. Functional Incontinence  Related to: Altered environment (e.g., poor lighting or inability to locate toilet, reluctance to use call light or bedpan) Altered environment (e.g., poor lighting or inability to locate toilet, reluctance to use call light or bedpan) Sensory or cognitive deficit (e.g., inattentiveness to voiding urge or use of sedation) Sensory or cognitive deficit (e.g., inattentiveness to voiding urge or use of sedation) Mobility deficit Mobility deficit

3. Reflex Incontinence  Related to: Neurologic impairment Neurologic impairment

4. Stress Incontinence  Related to: Weak pelvic muscles and structural supports associated with age, surgery (e.g., cystocele, rectocele), or multiple deliveries Weak pelvic muscles and structural supports associated with age, surgery (e.g., cystocele, rectocele), or multiple deliveries High intra-abdominal pressure associated with obesity, pregnancy, or other factors High intra-abdominal pressure associated with obesity, pregnancy, or other factors

5. Total Incontinence  Related to: Neurologic impairment Neurologic impairment Urinary diversion ostomy Urinary diversion ostomy

6. Urge Incontinence  Related to: Irritation of bladder stretch receptors, resulting in spasm (e.g., bladder infection, consumption of alcohol, caffeine, increased fluids, overdistention of bladder) Irritation of bladder stretch receptors, resulting in spasm (e.g., bladder infection, consumption of alcohol, caffeine, increased fluids, overdistention of bladder)

7. Urinary Retention  Related to: Urethral blockage Urethral blockage Medication Medication

8. Altered Patterns of Urinary Elimination  Related to: Bladder infection Bladder infection Neurogenic disorder or injury Neurogenic disorder or injury Renal calculi Renal calculi Loss of perineal tissue tone Loss of perineal tissue tone Medication therapy (e.g., diuretic) Medication therapy (e.g., diuretic)

9. Potential for Infection  Related to: Indwelling urethral catheter Indwelling urethral catheter Urinary retention Urinary retention

10. Potential for Impaired Skin Integrity  Related to: Incontinence Incontinence Urinary diversion ostomy Urinary diversion ostomy