1. Causes of the Civil War and Antebellum America Jon Hale College of Charleston

4. Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin Evidence that Henry Ogden Holmes invented a cotton gin prior to Whitney developed a saw-toothed gin in 1787 at Kinkaid Plantation in Craven County. Expired on March 14, 1794 Whitney was granted his patent on that same date. After the cotton gin, cotton became America’s leading crop. In 1790, 1,500 pounds of cotton Slaves concentrated in Virginia (tobacco), South Carolina and Georgia (rice) By 1800, 35,000 pounds. By 1815, production had reached 100,000 pounds. 1820, slavery had spread westward to Mississippi. In 1848, production exceeded 1,000,000 pounds By 1865, 4 million slaves lived in the South.

6. Denmark Vesey Uprising 35 local African Americans tried, convicted, and executed Two died in custody 40 African Americans were tried and deported

7. Nat Turner Rebellion, 1831

8. The Citadel “Act to Establish a Competent Force to Act as a Municipal Guard for the Protection of the City of Charleston and its vicinity." (1822) The act provided that a suitable building be erected for the deposit of the arms of the State, and a guard house.

9. John C. Calhoun Seeks protect of “peculiar institution” Protest tariffs on imported manufactured goods Relies on Jeffersonian notions of states rights

10. William Lloyd Garrison, 1805- 1879 "I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation.... I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD.” American Colonization Society The Liberator, est. 1831

11. Abolitionism in South Carolina A.E. Grimke, abolitionist and Quaker, born to South Carolinian slaveholders Articulated message in “Appeal to the Christian Women of the South”

13. Roberts Smalls and the Reconstruction Educational Reformers Robert Smalls of Beaufort, South Carolina proposes a universal education for all students Joins a cohort of elected black politicians that build a system of public education in the South

15. “Sherman's march through South Carolina--advance from McPhersonville,” Harper’s Weekly, (March 4, 1865)

16. “Ruin in the Heart of Charleston” Harper’s Weekly (July 8, 1965)