1. 1.4 Billion people in poverty 25% of children malnourished 1/6 people without clean water 1.6 Billion people without modern energy

2. D EVELOPMENT AND C LIMATE C HANGE World Development Report 2010 Kirk Hamilton September 2009

3. K EY MESSAGES OF WDR2010 Climate change—a serious and immediate threat to development A climate-smart world is possible, if we ACT NOW ACT TOGETHER ACT DIFFERENTLY New resources, instruments and pressures are helping build momentum.

4. Source: Smith and others, 2009 S CIENTIFIC CONSENSUS : SERIOUS AND IMMEDIATE 2001 assessment2007 assessment Risks to unique and threatened systems Risk of extreme weather events Distribution of impacts Aggregate impacts Risks of large scale discontinuities 5 4 2 0 1 3 Increase in global temperature since preindustrial era (°C) 2°C over preindustrial Today = + 0.8°C

5. D EVELOPMENT CONSENSUS : T HE POOR WILL SUFFER MOST High-income countries Developing countries Historical cumulative emissions 64 36 5.6 billion people 1.1 billion people 20 80 Impact damage costs

6. A CLIMATE - SMART WORLD IS POSSIBLE … We cannot say we’ve tried…

7. … AND AMBITIOUS, PRECAUTIONARY POLICIES ARE NOT MUCH MORE EXPENSIVE. Close to 2°C Close to 5°C

8. B UT TO MEET THE CHALLENGE, WE MUST ACT NOW ACT TOGETHER ACT DIFFERENTLY

9. A CT NOW : T ODAY ’ S ACTIONS D ETERMINE TOMORROW ’ S OPTIONS Inertia in the climate system Inertia in the built environment Inertia in institutions and individuals’ behavior feasibility costs political momentum

10. A CT NOW : MUCH IS AT RISK ALREADY

11. A CT TOGETHER : H IGH - INCOME COUNTRIES NEED TO TAKE THE LEAD

12. A CT TOGETHER : B UT ALL HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY TO MANAGE COSTS -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 40 60 80 100 120 0 10203040 Marginal mitigation cost ($/tCO 2 e) Mitigation potential (GtCO 2 e/year) Marginal cost, all countries Mitigation measure in a developing country Mitigation measure in a high-income country Negative costs: Long-term savings outweigh initial costs Advanced technologies: carbon capture and storage Efficiency in buildings Efficiency in motors, cars, and electricity co-eneration Land-use and land-use change, mostly in developing countries Small hydro and nuclear in developing countries Renewable energy: Wind and solar

13. Global food trade depends on very few countries A CT TOGETHER : AND COOPERATION HELPS BUFFER SHOCKS

14. A CT DIFFERENTLY : R ADICALLY TRANSFORM ENERGY SYSTEMS Energy efficiency 0 600 800 1,000 1,200 200 400 1,400 200020202040206020802100 Global primary energy mix (exajoules) Year

15. A CT DIFFERENTLY : M AKE ROBUST RATHER THAN OPTIMAL DECISIONS

16. M AKING IT HAPPEN : N EW F INANCIAL RESOURCES Current volume of financing for adaptation and mitigation is $10 billion This is less than 5% of what may be needed by 2030 While the projected mitigation costs are large in absolute terms, they represent 0.4 – 0.7% of world GDP over this century Need for massive scaling up to reconcile efficiency and equity It can be done: Mostly a financing challenge Will requires all options available

17. M AKING IT HAPPEN : N EW PRESSURES TO ACT We’ve come a long way Increasing awareness and concern Individuals and organizations are responding Politics are changing More is needed to turn awareness into action “ Soft” policy tools - communication and education; social norms Create institutional mechanisms to deal with new challenges

18. http://blogs.worldbank.org/ climatechange/ http://worldbank.org/WDR2010