1. Focal Points are the Most Important Development in Math Education In the Last 20 or More Years

2. There are six topics students need to learn in K-7 – they must be learned to mastery Core processes (algebra)‏ Functions and equations Measurement and basic geometry Numbers, number operations and place value Fractions and decimals Ratios, rates, percents and proportions

3. There is Much More to Focused Instruction than Limiting Topics The individual lessons must focus on mathematics, rather than vocabulary, factoids or other distractions.

4. Kindergarten: Typical U.S. Lesson from Above average Program Note that the lesson Is not focused, Concepts are diffused By vocabulary.

5. These issues are universal in early grade U.S. curricula Children have no recourse but straight memorization

6. In Stark Contrast Here are Corresponding Lessons from Russian Curriculum

7. First few lessons From first grade Russian text: Progenitor for Almost all programs In high achieving countries There are no Words, just 2 key Concepts and The corresponding Math symbols, not vocabulary

8. The quick introduction Of key concepts Takes advantage Of fact that small Numbers are Basically hard wired Again, note absence Of anything but Math concepts and Symbols

11. But there is even more here mathematically The underlying mathematics in the development of the properties of the whole numbers is the Peano axioms in the Russian system There is a mathematical reason for every step and every concept. Moreover, they are known to be the core steps and concepts.

12. The Russian System is the Result of a Close Collaboration between top level mathematicians, top level psychologists, and top teachers

13. Third Grade Better than Average U.S Lesson on Place Value Note multiiple Foci, places and Separate Manipulatives: Linear model For 10’s, area for 100’s, volume for 1000’s

14. First Grade Russian Text: Place Value Note the level of Problems associated To this lesson

15. First Grade: Russian Text: Models for Place Value. Especially note use of Decimeters for putting (2 place) Place value on number line

16. Second Grade: Russian Text. Note consistency Of models for higher Places and tight focus

17. E Even 1000’s are Consistent Consistent models make Comparison easier. Note attention to Comparisons

18. Note the level of The problems in the Second grade Russian Text – that’s what Proper focus does For you