2. https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQAEXerUrTGltkqpjeB5pVQ9tuumYcjA9TrfN1cncDzLFnZlclWyw https://encrypted-tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQLzI9lItHn2rscnwSi1tpvaciTyItSxswsgHNL0zkB88TcUV8VbA http://room42.wikispaces.com/file/view/frozen-tundra_60.jpg/34424225/frozen-tundra_60.jpg https://encrypted-tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnxqJkhff5jnciQJKPJMdz6NLOJ6wwS2F7Edc0pqviJKOwVP3U

3. Environmental Change Environmental change can impact ecosystem stability. Such factors can include:  Pollution  Acid rain  Ozone Layer  Greenhouse effect  Biomagnification

4. Pollution Air Pollution  Greatest source is burning of fossil fuels  Other sources: volcanoes and forest fires http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/164225/350wm/E1680117-Forest_fire-SPL.jpg

5. Pollution Water Pollution  Sewage discharged into rivers and streams  Diseases: cholera, dysentery, hepatitis  Fertilizer run-off is extra source of nutrients.  Causes algal bloom and a decrease in available oxygen

6. Acid Rain  Rain or snow that is more acidic than normal.  Effects of acid precipitation:  Washes away nutrients from soil  Damages plant tissues  Disrupts life cycles in water systems  Destroys buildings and statues

7. Ozone O3O3  Ozone Depletion  Ozone layer is a protective layer of atmosphere that protects the Earth from UV radiation  The ozone layer is thinning.  Causes of ozone depletion: CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons)  These are man made coolants usedin refrigerants and air conditioners.

8. Greenhouse Effect  Gases called greenhouse gases keep Earth insulated.  Concentration of greenhouse gases (mainly CO 2 ) is increasing due to humans causing temperatures to increase.  Increase in CO 2 is due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

9. Biomagnification  Concentration of a pollutant in the tissue of an organism increases as you move to higher trophic levels within a food chain  Producers pick up pollutants from water that is not metabolized.  They are concentrated and stored in their tissues.  While energy decreases as it moves up the food chain, toxins increase in potency.

10. Biomagnification  Biological Magnification  Herbivores eat the producer and also concentrate and store the pollutant in their tissues.  Carnivores eat the herbivores and store the pollutant in their tissues.  At each step in the food chain the components become more concentrated.

11. Biomagnification Example includes a pesticide, DDT, which caused eggshell thinning and resulted in severe population declines for the Bald Eagles. http://tigertailfoods.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/bald-eagle.jpg http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_04_img0177.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/P,p%27-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.svg/200px-P,p%27-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.svg.png