1. Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture

2. Folk & Popular Culture I.Intro A. Culture combines values, material artifacts, & political institutions B. Habit vs. Custom Collection of social customs produces a group’s material culture C. Basic Categories of Material Culture 1.Folk 2.Popular Questions: –Where are Folk & Popular culture located in space? –Why are distributions of Folk & Popular culture different?

3. II. Origins and Diffusion of Folk & Popular Cultures A. Origin of folk and popular cultures Customs Origin of folk music Origin of popular music –Originated –Spread WWII –English becomes international language –Hip-Hop

4. II. Origins and Diffusion of Folk & Popular Cultures B. Diffusion of folk and popular cultures The Amish: Relocation diffusion of folk culture http://digitalunion.osu.edu/r2/summer07/eellis/ind ex.htmlhttp://digitalunion.osu.edu/r2/summer07/eellis/ind ex.html Sports: Hierarchical diffusion of popular culture

5. Tin Pan Alley & Popular Music Fig. 4-1: Writers and publishers of popular music were clustered in Tin Pan Alley in New York in the early 20th c. The area later moved north from 28th St to Times Square.

6. A Mental Map of Hip Hop Fig. 4-2: This mental map places major hip hop performers near other similar performers and in the portion of the country where they performed.

7. Amish Settlements in the U.S. Fig. 4-3: Amish settlements are distributed through the northeast U.S.

8. Amish Settlements in the U.S.

9. Clustering of Folk Cultures C.Sports: Hierarchical diffusion of popular culture 1. Folk Culture origin of soccer 2. Globalization of Soccer 3. Sports in Popular culture

10. II. Why is Folk Culture Clustered? A.Influence of the physical environment 1. Food preferences and the environment 2. Folk Housing D. Isolation promotes cultural diversity 1.Himalayan Art 1.Buddhists 2.Hindus 3.Muslims 4.Animists 2.Beliefs and Folk House Forms 1.Sacred Spaces 3. US Folk Housing 1. Lower Chesapeake 2. The Middle Atlantic 3. New England

11. Himalayan Folk Cultural Regions Fig. 4-4: Cultural geographers have identified four distinct culture regions based on predominant religions in the Himalaya Mountains.

12. Senegal Family Lunch

13. Traditional Vegetable Garden, Istanbul Fig. 4-5: The bostan, or traditional vegetable garden, provides fresh vegetables in a large city such as Istanbul

14. Hog Production & Food Cultures Fig. 4-6: Annual hog production is influenced by religious taboos against pork consumption in Islam and other religions. The highest production is in China, which is largely Buddhist.

15. Home Locations in Southeast Asia Fig. 4-7: Houses and sleeping positions are oriented according to local customs among the Lao in northern Laos (left) and the Yuan and Shan in northern Thailand (right).

16. House Types in Western China Fig. 4-8: Four communities in western China all have distinctive house types.

17. Diffusion of House Types in U.S. Fig. 4-9: Distinct house types originated in three main source areas in the U.S. and then diffused into the interior as migrants moved west.

18. Diffusion of New England House Types Fig. 4-10: Four main New England house types of the 18th & 19th centuries diffused westward as settlers migrated.

19. III. Wide Dispersion of Popular Culture A. Diffusion of popular housing, clothing, & food 1. Popular food customs 2. Rapid diffusion of clothing styles 3. Popular Housing styles B. Television and diffusion of popular culture 1. Diffusion of television 2. Diffusion of the internet 3. Diffusion of the facebook

20. U.S. House Types, 1945-1990 Fig. 4-11: Several variations of the “modern style” were dominant from the 1940s into the 1970s. Since then, “neo-eclectic” styles have become the dominant type of house construction in the U.S.

21. Alcohol Preferences in the U.S. Fig. 4-12: Per capita consumption of Canadian whiskey (left) and tequila (right) show different source areas and histories of diffusion.

22. U.S. House Types by Region Fig. 4-1.1: Small towns in different regions of the eastern U.S. have different combinations of five main house types.

23. Wine Production per year Fig. 4-13: The distribution of wine production shows the joint impact of the physical environment and social customs.

24. Diffusion of TV 1954 - 2003 Fig. 4-14: Television has diffused widely since the 1950s, but some areas still have low numbers of TVs per population.

25. TV Distribution, 1954

26. TV Distribution, 1970

27. TV Distribution, 2003

28. Distribution of Internet Users, 1995 - 2003 Fig. 4-15: Internet users per 1000 population. Diffusion of internet service is following the pattern of TV diffusion in the 20th century, but at a much faster rate.

29. Internet Users, 1995 per 1000 population

30. Internet Users, 2000 per 1000 population

31. Internet Users, 2004 per 1000 population

32. IV. Impacts of the Globalization of Popular Culture A. Threats to folk culture 1. Loss of traditional values 2. Foreign media dominance B. Environmental impacts of popular culture 1. Modifying nature 2. Uniform landscapes 3. Negative environmental impact

33. Golf Courses in Metropolitan Areas Fig. 4-16: The 50 best-served and worst-served metropolitan areas in terms of golf holes per capita, and areas that are above and below average.

34. McDonald’s in Beijing, China

35. Route 66, U.S.