1. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 DRILL 09 March 10 Copy tonight’s homework: On a separate sheet of paper, define the following: Combustion, Compression, Conservation, Energy, Essay, Force, Fuel, Kinetic Energy, Municipal, Potential Energy, Power, Power Plant, Pressure, Propulsion, Renewable, Rudimentary, Thermodynamics, Vector, Volatile, Work LETTER

2. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 1.Communication technology significantly impacts the way we live. 2.Information is an essential resource for design (e.g., Drafting, AutoCAD and Sketchup) 3.Technology has changed the nature of communication in our society (evidenced by the chronology of communication technology). Main Ideas: Unit 2 Completion

3. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 –Goals Inform Persuade Entertain Control Manage Educate –Inputs Source of Communication –Processes Encoder Transmitter Receiver Decoder Storage Retrieval –Outputs Message to the destination –Feedback and Control Reversing the communication line INPUTS PROCESSESOUTPUTS GOALS FEEDBACK Control Not always Unit 2 Completion

4. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 1.Energy Sources – Power Plants and Fuels 2.Classical Mechanics: Force, Work, Energy, and Power 3.Trigonometry and Vectors 4.Energy and Power 5.Impacts of Current Generation and Use U NIT 3 – E NERGY AND P OWER Topics Covered

5. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 U NIT 3 – E NERGY AND P OWER Topic 1: Energy Sources – Power Plants and Fuels FUEL: a material used to produce heat or power Most of the following are power plants – what is the fuel shown/used in each image?

6. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Why a watermark of the Sun? The Sun is the source of all energy on Earth. Topic 1 Energy Sources – Fuels

7. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 1.Energy is NOT fuel used for transportation and heating, for lights and appliances, and foods for consumption. FUELENERGY 2.Fuels are a source of energy. 3.Fuels are the material source of energy, containing it as a potential. Fuels and Energy Topic 1 Energy Sources – Fuels

8. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 1.Non-renewable 1.Fossil Fuels Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum (Oil) 2.Nuclear – Uranium ore 2.Renewable Biofuels, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydro, Solar, Tidal, Wave, Wind Fuel Types Topic 1 Energy Sources – Fuels

9. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 1.Fossil fuels are burned to release stored energy. 2.Formed from the heated and pressurized remains of dead plant and animal life over hundreds of millions of years. 3.Non-renewable – millions of years to form and reserves are being depleted faster than new ones are being formed. 4.Volatile: natural gas and petroleum 5.Nonvolatile: coal Non-Renewable Fuels – Fossil Fuels

10. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal 1.Coal is formed from the remains of terrestrial plants that died around 350 million years ago. 2.Plant remains preserved in water and mud. Heat and Pressure

11. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal 1.4,000 B.C.E. – China carved ornaments 2.2,000 B.C.E. – funeral pyres in Britain 3.1,200s C.E. – underground mining developed

12. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal History of Extraction and Use Colliery (COLL-yer-ee) – a coal mine and its connected buildings. Coal must be cleaned and refined (improved) after extraction South Wales, Great Britain – oldest known colliery. First commercial coal mining in U.S. in 1730s, VA. Prior to 1880s, coal was picked by hand underground. By 1912, surface mining was used.

13. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal Methods of Extraction Underground Mining: 60% of world production 33% of U.S. mining Uses timber for support tunnel Machines enter and extract coal Surface (Strip) Mining: More coal extracted than underground mining Exposes coal by removing land above deposits

14. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal Uses Coal is mostly used as a solid fuel to produce electricity and heat through combustion. It is usually pulverized (crushed into small particles) then burned in a furnace for electricity generation at a power plant. ~40% of world’s electricity comes from coal ~49% of U.S. electricity comes from coal

15. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas 1.Sea plants and animals died, were buried on the ocean floor, covered by layers of silt and sand. 2.50-100 million years – remains buried deeper. 3.Heat and pressure turned remains into oil and gas.

16. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas 1.Often referred to as “gas” 2.Gaseous fuel consisting mostly of methane, but includes quantities of other hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of H and C CH 4 – Methane C 3 H 8 – Propane

17. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas Methods of Extraction 1.Associated – found in oil fields 2.Non-associated – found in natural gas fields 3.Coalbed Methane – found in coal beds 4.Before use, it must undergo processing to remove everything but methane (such as CO2, N2, H2)

18. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas Methods of Extraction 1.Geologists locate types of rock that are known to contain gas and oil deposits. Seismic surveys – echoes from a vibration source 2.Drilling begins, whether on land or offshore. 3.NG flows up the well to the surface. 4.Goes to processing or directly to transport pipeline 5.NG is colorless, odorless, tasteless, so a chemical is added to give it odor – Mercaptan

19. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal Storage and Transport NG is moved by pipelines from fields to consumers. NG demand is greater in winter for heat – stored in underground storage systems Old oil and gas wells, caverns formed in old salt beds Can be cooled (-260 deg F) to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) LNG can be transported in tankers over the ocean

20. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal Processing

21. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal Uses - HOME NG makes up 22% of fuel consumption in U.S. ~63% homes use for stoves, furnaces, water heaters, dryers, and other appliances. NG is raw material for: Paints, fertilizers, plastics, antifreeze, dyes, photographic film, medicines, explosives Propane – barbecue grills

22. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 Non-Renewable Fuels – Coal Uses - INDUSTRY Produce steel, glass, paper, clothing, brick, electricity, etc. U.S.