1. Chap 10 - Muscles Learning Objectives:
Read pgs 285 – 293. Learn anterior and posterior muscles (from memory).
Chap 10 - Muscles
Learning Objectives:
List the criteria for naming muscles.
Name the common muscle fascicle arrangements.
Define lever, load, and fulcrum. Explain how these apply to muscles.
Name and identify the major muscles identified in class.

2. PREDICT
Can you guess how many muscles there are in the human body?

3. Tips on Naming Skeletal Muscles
_________ of muscle – bone or body region associated with the muscle
_______ of muscle – e.g., the deltoid muscle (deltoid = triangle)
Relative _____ – e.g., maximus (largest), minimus (smallest), longus (long)
Direction of ______ – e.g., rectus (fibers run straight), transversus, and oblique (fibers run at angles to an imaginary defined axis)
Number of _______ – e.g., biceps (two origins) and triceps (three origins)
Location of ____________ – named according to point of origin or insertion
______ – e.g., flexor or extensor, as in the names of muscles that flex or extend, respectively

4. Warm-Up Practice: Muscle Arrangements
Muscles consist of fascicles which vary in shape and function.
Goal: In this self-practice, you will observe muscle arrangements & learn their shapes.
Estimated Time = minutes

5. Fascicle Arrangements
Parallel – fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle (e.g., sartorius)
Fusiform – spindle-shaped muscles (e.g., biceps brachii)
Pennate – short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle (e.g., rectus femoris)
Convergent – fascicles converge from a broad origin to a single tendon insertion (e.g., pectoralis major)
Circular – fascicles are arranged in concentric rings (e.g., orbicularis oris)

6. Muscles as Lever Systems
_______ – a rigid bar that moves on a fulcrum, or _____ point
______ – force applied to a lever
_____ – resistance moved by the effort

7. Think-Pair-Share
Instructions: Quickly pair with a partner. Discuss the question below (1- 2 minutes), Be prepared to share your answer.
Effort
The elbow is a lever system. Where is the load, effort, and fulcrum located?
Load
Fulcrum

8. Which 2 muscles are used to flex the elbow?

9. Muscles – Anterior Upper Body
epicranius
temporalis
orbicularis oculi
zygomaticus
masseter
orbicularis oris
platysma
sternohyoid
trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
deltoid
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
pectoralis major
Triceps brachii
intercostals
Biceps brachii
Rectus abdominus
brachialis
Pronator teres
External oblique
brachioradialis
Internal oblique
Flexor carpi radialis
Transversus abdominus
Palmaris longus

10. Muscles – Anterior Lower Body
iliopsoas
Tensor fasciae latae
pectineus
sartorius
Rectus femoris
Adductor longus
Vastus lateralis
gracilis
Vastus medialis
gastrocnemius
Fibularis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
soleus
Tibialis anterior

11. Review 1 2 3

12. Review 4 5 6

13. Muscles – Posterior Upper Body
epicranius
sternocleidomastoid
Triceps brachii
trapezius
brachialis
deltoid
infraspinatus
Teres major
Rhomboid major
brachioradialus
Latissimus dorsi
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum

14. Muscles – Posterior Lower Body
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Iliotibial tract
Adductor magnus
Hamstrings:
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
soleus
Fibularis longus
Calcaneal (Achilles tendon)

15. Review 1 2 3

16. Review 4 5 6

17. Practice Activity: Reviewing the Superficial Muscles
Goal: (Putting It All Together)
CHALLENGE: Can you commit all the names of the muscles that we just discussed to memory BEFORE leaving class today?
* Use handout. See how many you can do WITHOUT looking at your book or notes FIRST.
NOTE: If you finish before others, please use the time to study & commit these to memory. You will need to know them for the next test.