1. First Congress  4 main issues for the first Congress  1. Raise revenue to support the new government  2. Creation of a Bill of Rights  3. Setting up the executive office  4. Organizing the Federal Judiciary Revenue Act of 1789 – first tax imposed by Congress – 5% tax on imports

2. Bill of Rights  James Madison did not believe a Bill of Rights was necessary ( already liberties in Constitution No Habeas Corpus No Ex Post Facto Trial by Jury  However made a promise to Virginia if they ratified the constitution  December 15 1791 Bill of Rights were added ( Amendments 1-10)

3. Bill of Rights  1. Freedom of Religion, Press, Assembly, Petition and Speech  2. Right to Bear Arms  3. No Quartering of Soldiers  4. No illegal search or seizure  5. Due Process  6. Right to a Speedy Trial  7. Trial by Jury  8. No cruel and unusual punishment  9. These are not the only right given to people  10. Any power not given to the National government is given to the State

4. Executive Office  Creation of the Cabinet – President needed help – 4 Cabinet department  1. War – Henry Knox  2. State – Thomas Jefferson  3. Treasury – Alexander Hamilton  4. Attorney General – Edmund Randolph

5. Judiciary Act of 1789  Established the Federal Court System  6 Supreme Court  13 District Courts  3 Courts of Appeals  Gave Supreme Court the right to determine what is constitutional or unconstitutional ( Judicial Review)

6. Domestic Policy  National Debt – job of Alexander Hamilton to get US government out of debt.  1. Owed France 11 million  2. National debt to merchants, soldiers and Revolutionary War bonds – 27 million  3. Assumed all of the States debt – 25 million

7. Hamilton Debt Plan  1. Assume the debt and the interest of the States  2. Rich people would assume debt for favors from the government  Madison disliked plan Virginia had already paid off its debt Did not want to reward rich people  Finally assumed with the agreement that the new capital of the US would be in its current location of Washington DC

8. Creation of the National Bank (BUS)  Hamilton created a National Bank with 10 million dollars 2 million invested by US government 8 million invested by private investors  Would allow the US government more control of the medium of exchange and interest

9. BUS  Jefferson opposed the BUS because the Constitution rejected the idea of governmental corporations (strict interpretation)  Elastic Clause – Washington and Congress agreed that the BUS was necessary and proper to get US out of debt  Many wealthy people domestically and foreign invested in the Bank

10. Spark Manufactures  Hamilton urged congress to put a higher tariff on imported technology  Wanted US to be less dependent on European goods  Congress rejected Hamilton’s views because the US was an agricultural nation not a technological

11. Whiskey Rebellion  Congress put a tax on Whiskey to help spark the Governments income  Affected very few American, however the ones that it affected were mainly Jefferson supporters  7,000 Men met in Pittsburg, PA to rebel against the US Government  Washington sent 14,000 men, rebellion was put to rest without a fire – showed strength of New Nation

12. Political Parties  Democratic-Republicans v. Federalist  Jefferson and Madison believed that Hamilton was giving to much power to the rich – called their new group Democratic-Republicans  Hamilton believed that Jefferson and Madison were trying to sabotage the new Government – called his group Federalist

13. French Revolution  American supported the people of France against the monarchy, however US stayed neutral  French people won war and started to declare war on other European Countries  Citizen Edmond Genet came to American in claims that America most go to war with France because of the Treaty of Alliance signed during the Revolutionary War  US stayed out of the Wars because we didn’t want to loose our #1 trade partner in England

14. Jay Treaty  Even though the US stayed out of the European Wars, we were trading with both sides  England started to capture our trade ships.  John Jay was sent to London to discuss 4 points

15. Jay Treaty  4 points  1. British seizures of American trade ships in the West Indies – we wanted to trade with anyone  2. British soldiers that still occupied lands in the Northwest Territory – violation of the Treaty of Paris of 1783  3. Hoped for a commercial treaty  4. Compensation for the slaves that were taken after the war

16. Jay Treaty  1. British soldiers would leave the Northwest Territory  2. Trade would ease up with Britain  3. American had to repay the pre- revolutionary war debt before they would talked about releasing seized ships  4. No compensation for slaves

17. Jay Treaty  Although the treaty was not popular with most American, it kept us out of a war we were not ready for.  Democratic-Republicans in the house did not want to pay the funds to England  They wanted to see all the notes of the treaty, however Washington refused setting up the principle of Executive Privileges  Money was finally given to England because US made a treaty with Spain to be able to use the Mississippi River

18. Division in Congress  The Jay Treaty showed a division in Congressional voting called- Partisian  Democratic-Republicans vs. Federalist- power in Congress switched back and forth until the 7 th Congress in 1801 when the Democratic-Republics took control

19. Washington’s Farewell Address  Washington set up a precedent of a President only serving 2 terms (22 nd Amendment)  Warned the nation of a few things  1. Enter into commercial relationships with foreign countries not political  2. Independent relations stay out of packs  3. Warned US to be careful with political parties.

20. Election of 1796  Federalist – John Adams/Thomas Pinckney  Dem-Rep – Thomas Jefferson/Arron Burr  John Adams wins, however Thomas Jefferson gets 2 nd amount of votes and becomes the Vice President of the US.  Creation of the 12 th Amendment -

21. XYZ Affair  Jay Treaty increased the relationship with England, however now France started to seize American ships  Adams sent representatives to talk to the Prime Minister of France, but was stopped by an agent that demanded money to talk to the Prime Minister (250,000)  Adams started to increase military spending.  Adam gave all the notes to Congress but left out the French agents, only called them XYZ  Treaty of Alliance was now revoked

22. Alien and Sedition Acts  Federalist controlled congress and started to make laws that would control the Dem-Rep  Naturalization Act – increased the time that a person needed to be in the US before they could become a citizen  Alien Act- allowed the detention of immigrants if at war with their country  Sedition Act- can not speak, write and gather information against the country

23. Virginia and Kentucky Resolution  Jefferson and Madison was afraid of being accused of the Sedition Act.  They believed in the States had the right of Nullification and therefor were allowed to say what they wanted  They issued the Virginia and Kentucky Resolution as a forum to say what they wanted about the government

24. Convention of 1800  Adams sent William Vans Murray to France to talk to Napoleon 1. We wanted payment for the seized ships 2. We wanted out of the Treaty of Alliance We got out of the Treaty, never got payments for the ships

25. Civilizing Indians  Indian Trade and Intercourse of 1793  We gave Indian land and live stock and taught them how to farm and raise animals.  Problem with Plan  1. Women farm in Indian culture  2. They allowed livestock to run free rather than to pen them.

26. Gabriel Rebellion  Gabriel, an enslaved blacksmith created a plan to recruit slaves and seize Richmond, Va and force them to give slaves their freedoms  Heavy rainfall delayed the rebellion and gave other slaves time to warn their white masters  The rebellion was stopped and Gabriel and 24 other slaves were hung  The Slaves that turned them in gained their freedom.