Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byLucinda Haynes Modified over 9 years ago
1
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Health Assessment Across the Lifespan NRS 102
2
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-2 Structure and Function Subjective Data—Health History Questions Objective Data—Physical Exam Abnormal Findings
3
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-3 Structure and Function External anatomy Palpebral fissure Limbus © Pat Thomas, 2006.
4
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-4 Structure and Function (cont.) External anatomy Tarsal plates Meibomian glands Conjunctiva Lacrimal apparatus
5
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-5 Structure and Function (cont.) Extraocular muscles Superior rectus Inferior rectus Lateral rectus Medial rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique © Pat Thomas, 2006.
6
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-6 Structure and Function (cont.) Internal anatomy Outer layer—sclera Middle layer—choroid Ciliary body and iris Pupil Lens Anterior chamber Inner layer—retina Optic disc Retinal vessels Macula
7
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-7 Structure and Function (cont.) Visual pathways and visual fields Refraction of light rays Crossing of fibers at optic nerve
8
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-8 Structure and Function (cont.) Visual reflexes Pupillary light reflexes Fixation Accommodation
9
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-9 Structure and Function (cont.) Developmental care Infants and children Aging adult Cataracts Glaucoma Macular degeneration Cross-cultural care Racial variations
10
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-10 Subjective Data— Health History Questions Vision difficulty (decreased acuity, blurring, blind spots) Pain Strabismus, diplopia Redness, swelling
11
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-11 Subjective Data— Health History Questions (cont.) Watering, discharge History of ocular problems Glaucoma Glasses or contact lenses Self-care behaviors
12
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-12 Health History Questions (cont.) Additional history for infants and children Vaginal infection during delivery Developmental milestones Routine vision testing Safety measures
13
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-13 Health History Questions (cont.) Additional history for aging adult Visual difficulty Glaucoma test Cataracts Eye dryness Decreased activities
14
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-14 Objective Data— Physical Exam Preparation Position Equipment Snellen eye chart Handheld visual screener Opaque card or occluder Penlight Applicator stick Ophthalmoscope
15
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-15 Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) Central visual acuity Snellen eye chart Near vision Visual fields Confrontation test
16
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-16 Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) Extraocular muscle function—Inspect Corneal light reflex (Hirschberg test) Cover test Diagnostic positions test
17
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-17 Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) External ocular structures—Inspect General Eyebrows Eyelids and lashes Eyeballs Conjunctiva and sclera Eversion of the upper lid Lacrimal apparatus
18
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-18 Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) Anterior eyeball structures—Inspect Cornea and lens Iris and pupil Size and shape Pupillary light reflex Accommodation
19
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-19 Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) Ocular fundus—Inspect Use of the ophthalmoscope Red reflex Optic disc Color Shape Retinal vessels Color A:V ratio Caliber General background of the fundus Macula
20
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-20 Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) Developmental care Infants and children Visual acuity Visual fields Color vision Extraocular muscle function External eye structures Eyelids and lashes Conjunctiva and sclera Iris and pupils Ocular fundus
21
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-21 Objective Data—Physical Exam (cont.) Developmental care (cont.) Aging adults Visual acuity Ocular structures Ocular fundus
22
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-22 Sample Charting
23
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-23 Sample Charting (cont.)
24
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-24 Sample Charting (cont.)
25
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-25 Abnormal Findings Extraocular Muscle Dysfunction Strabismus Esotropia Exotropia Paralysis
26
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-26 Abnormal Findings (cont.) Abnormalities in the Eyelids Periorbital edema Exophthalmos (protruding eyes) Enophthalmos (sunken eyes) Ptosis (drooping upper lid) Upward palpebral slant Ectropion Entropion
27
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-27 Abnormal Findings (cont.) Lesions on the Eyelids Blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids) Chalazion Hordeolum (stye) Dacryocystitis (inflammation of the lacrimal sac) Dacryoadenitis (inflammation of the lacrimal gland) Basal cell carcinoma
28
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-28 Abnormal Findings (cont.) Abnormalities in the Pupil Unequal pupil size—anisocoria Monocular blindness Constricted and fixed pupils—miosis Dilated and fixed pupils—mydriasis Argyll Robertson pupil Tonic pupil (Adie’s pupil) Cranial nerve III damage Horner’s syndrome
29
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-29 Abnormal Findings For Advanced Practice Visual Field Loss Retinal damage Lesion in globe or optic nerve Lesion at optic chiasm Lesion of outer uncrossed fibers at optic chiasm Lesion R optic tract or R optic radiation
30
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-30 Abnormal Findings (cont.) Vascular Disorders of the External Eye Conjunctivitis Subconjunctival hemorrhage Iritis (circumcorneal redness) Acute glaucoma
31
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-31 Abnormal Findings (cont.) Abnormalities on the Cornea and Iris Pterygium Corneal abrasion Hyphema Hypopyon
32
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-32 Abnormal Findings (cont.) Opacities in the Lens Central gray opacity—nuclear cataract Star-shaped opacity—cortical cataract
33
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-33 Abnormal Findings (cont.) Abnormalities in the Optic Disc Optic atrophy (disc pallor) Papilledema (choked disc) Excessive cup:disc ratio
34
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Eyes Chapter 14: Eyes Slide 14-34 Abnormal Findings (cont.) Abnormalities in the Retinal Vessels and Background Arteriovenous crossing (nicking) Narrowed (attenuated) arteries Vessel nicking Diabetic retinopathy Microaneurysms Intraretinal hemorrhages Exudates
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.