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The Particle Therapy Cancer Research Institute is a member of the 4 th April 2013, PASI Workshop, RAL Ken Peach John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science.

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Presentation on theme: "The Particle Therapy Cancer Research Institute is a member of the 4 th April 2013, PASI Workshop, RAL Ken Peach John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Particle Therapy Cancer Research Institute is a member of the 4 th April 2013, PASI Workshop, RAL Ken Peach John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science & Particle Therapy Cancer Research institute University of Oxford PAMELA Follow up?

2 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 2 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford OutlineOutline The PAMELA conceptual design Limitations and challenges Summary

3 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 3 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford 100 80 60 40 20 50100150 Depth (mm) Dose (%) Depth Dose curves – x-rays & electrons MV x-rays 20MV electron 60 Co x-rays 200kV x-rays

4 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 4 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford 100 80 60 40 20 50100150 SOBP Pristine peak Depth (mm) Dose (%) tumour Depth Dose curves – photon and proton MV x-rays

5 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 5 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Photons, Protons and Carbon

6 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 6 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Parameters

7 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 7 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford FFAG’S

8 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 8 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford EMMA The World’s First non-Scaling FFAG S Machida et al

9 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 9 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford EMMA lattice After Rob Edgecock

10 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 10 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford PAMELA

11 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 11 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Issues –Injection & extraction –Acceleration –Alignment EMMA-like ns-FFAG machine Keil, Sessler & Trbojevic

12 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 12 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford From EMMA to PAMELA The EMMA lattice Doublet structure –Focus and Defocus Dense lattice –Little space between magnets Lots of RF Acceleration –Almost every other cell From EMMA to PAMELA F D F D F The PAMELA lattice Triplet structure –Focus, Defocus, Focus Less Dense lattice –Long straight sections Less of RF Acceleration –Larger cavities –Lower frequencies Larger radius Ken Peach (PTCRi, Oxford) Physics, Accelerators and Cancer 12 From Doublet to Triplet

13 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 13 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford THE PAMELA CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

14 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 14 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Overview Carbon source & injection Proton source & injection Carbon ring Transfer line Extraction ~12m Proton ring

15 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 15 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford C From scaling to PAMELA

16 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 16 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Scaling restoration ScalingRectangular & parallel

17 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 17 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Final Cell Tunes

18 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 18 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Stability Regions

19 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 19 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford PAMELA Layout

20 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 20 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford PAMELA: ring overview Ring #1 (p, c)Ring #2 (c) Energy30~250MeV (p) 8~68MeV/u (c) 68~400MeV/u # of Cell12 Diameter12.5m18.4m K-value3841 Orbit excursion18cm21cm Rev. freq1.94~4.62MHz(p) 0.98~2.69MHz(c) 1.92~3.91MHz MagnetTriplet(FDF), SC length57cm113cm aperture25cm33cm Long Drift1.3m1.2m Packing factor0.480.65 Inj./Ext1turn inj/ext 2 LD (each) 1turn inj/ext 2 LD (each RFMax 8 LD Stable betatron tune ∆ <0.1 Long straight section (~1.3m) Small beam excursion(<20cm) Strong field (max 3.5T)  SC magnet High repetition rate(~1kHz) is a big challenge Carbon ring Proron ring Injector(p): cyclotron Injector(c): RFQ+LINAC scaling PAMELA

21 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 21 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Acceleration

22 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 22 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Details – Ring Magnet

23 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 23 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Double-Helix Principle Current density: Helix 1Helix 2 Double-helix coil: Smart way of creating a cosine-theta magnet Main advantage for PAMELA: No coil end problem + Double-Helix

24 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 24 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford High field quality Patent GB 0920299.5

25 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 25 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Kicker Magnets

26 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 26 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Septum Magnets

27 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 27 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Ring-to-Ring transfer line

28 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 28 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Ion sources Carbon RFQ Parameters E-field frequency 200MHz E I 8 keV/u E f 382 keV/u Transmission 75% RFQ length 2.4m Electrode potential 80 kV

29 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 29 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford FFAG Beam Transport DFFD 0.2m 3.6m 5m

30 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 30 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Beam Transport Horizontal Vertical

31 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 31 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Gantry Design

32 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 32 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford PAMELA STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES What to do next (if possible)

33 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 33 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford InjectionInjection Winkelmann et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 02A331 2008

34 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 34 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Generic problem –Non-relativistic to relativistic transition Isochronous – large aperture magnets? Variable frequency – typically factor 3 Ideally would like a HV capacitor –Induction cavity? –Solid State? RFRF beam

35 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 35 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Is there a mapping from circular to elliptical? Probably not for pure dipole … but for multipole? MagnetsMagnets

36 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 36 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Elliptical Double-Helix? + + x r  x r  ? I think that Is this a theorem?

37 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 37 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Two rings –Ugly –Expensive Can it be done with one ring? –Magnets – at the limit Constraints –Low packing factor  »Magnetic length/total length »Constrained by magnetic field strength –Small number of cells »Orbit excursion  1/(number of cells) »Constrained by magnetic field strength Lattice?Lattice?

38 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 38 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford NEW LATTICE IDEAS? From Ring to Racetrack?

39 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 39 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Lattice - racetrack D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F

40 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 40 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Lattice - racetrack D FF D FF D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F

41 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 41 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Lattice - racetrack D FF D FF D FF D FF D FF D FF D FF D FF PAMELA Arcs FFAG Beam Transport Matching Injection/extraction RF D FF D FF

42 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 42 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Arc Lattice D FF D F F D FF D F F D F F D F F D F F D FF D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D FF D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F Increase  ? Larger  p/p? but low  preferred

43 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 43 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Arc Lattice D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D F F D D D D D D F D F D Triplet or doublet? –EMMA-like cell? Matching from FDF or DF to DFFD (or FDDF)? but alignment sensitivity

44 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 44 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Assume –6m straight sections –24m arcs 60m circumference  at injection/extraction –0.25/0.61 (proton) –0.13/0.73 (carbon) revolution frequency @ injection/extraction –1.25 MHz / 3.1 MHz (proton) –0.65 MHz / 3.5 MHz (carbon) RF duty factor > 81% multi-bunch RFRF

45 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 45 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford Gantry with a range of settings in the 90  bend –i.e. set once per patient? –Very energy then x & y? En ergy the fastest variable “Banana shaped” trajectories through the tumour –“only software” … or Fast sweeping magnets to compensate Gantry Development? Iso-centre Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 1 m A B C C Beam Shaping and Scanning FFAG Transport

46 PAMELA & related ideas, University of Huddersfield 12 th April 2013 46 Ken Peach, JAI & PTCRi, Oxford PAMELA Conceptual Design –“Proof of Principle” on paper –Main weaknesses ion source(can be fixed … known technology) RF(common problem for low E ions) Gantry(sketch solution, but needs work) Lattice(two rings – expensive, esp. carbon) –Possible new lattice “Racetrack” configuration matching from arcs to long straights? alignment sensitivity? orbit excursion? Anyone interested in leading? SummarySummary

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