1. Popular Culture of the Gilded Age The Rise of Mass Culture

2. Technology As populations grew, cities expanded outward and upwardAs populations grew, cities expanded outward and upward Improvements in steel allowed the building of skyscrapers and bridges which linked citiesImprovements in steel allowed the building of skyscrapers and bridges which linked cities Electric streetcars allowed for mass transits (subways, “els”, and street trolleys)Electric streetcars allowed for mass transits (subways, “els”, and street trolleys)

4. New Inventions The Wright brothers experimented with airplanes, soon creating transcontinental mail by 1920’sThe Wright brothers experimented with airplanes, soon creating transcontinental mail by 1920’s Photography is made available for the common citizenPhotography is made available for the common citizen Movies begin their take-over of American cultureMovies begin their take-over of American culture

5. Growth of Schools With the growth of technology, new skills were needed to succeed in the business worldWith the growth of technology, new skills were needed to succeed in the business world School is made mandatory for children between the ages of 8 and 14School is made mandatory for children between the ages of 8 and 14 High Schools teach managerial, technical skills, as well as vocationalHigh Schools teach managerial, technical skills, as well as vocational

6. Education for Minorities? African Americans were kept out of high schools (less than 1 percent attended)African Americans were kept out of high schools (less than 1 percent attended) Most immigrants were given free passage to the public schools system in order to “Americanize” themMost immigrants were given free passage to the public schools system in order to “Americanize” them Catholics set up own schools to go against Protestant holidays, and give kids a Catholic educationCatholics set up own schools to go against Protestant holidays, and give kids a Catholic education

7. White vs. Black America Southern States began to impose literacy tests, poll taxes, etc. to keep African Americans outSouthern States began to impose literacy tests, poll taxes, etc. to keep African Americans out Jim Crow laws separated both whites and blacks in public and private facilitiesJim Crow laws separated both whites and blacks in public and private facilities “Racial Customs,” such as where to sit on a bus, were created to humiliate and subjugate“Racial Customs,” such as where to sit on a bus, were created to humiliate and subjugate

8. Plessy vs. Ferguson Homer Plessy, 1/8 th black, was arrested for not giving up his seat on a trainHomer Plessy, 1/8 th black, was arrested for not giving up his seat on a train Case went to the U.S. Supreme CourtCase went to the U.S. Supreme Court Supreme Court sided with the railroads, stating that segregation did not violate the 14 th amendment; “separate but equal”Supreme Court sided with the railroads, stating that segregation did not violate the 14 th amendment; “separate but equal”

9. Race Relations Blacks were the victims of violent crimes, such as lynchingBlacks were the victims of violent crimes, such as lynching Out West Mexicans and Chinese were hired to build railroads because they would work for lessOut West Mexicans and Chinese were hired to build railroads because they would work for less All non-whites faced discrimination, due to their ability to work for less payAll non-whites faced discrimination, due to their ability to work for less pay

10. Change in Culture With the advent and improvements in technology, people had more free timeWith the advent and improvements in technology, people had more free time Unions and laws had created a 8 – 10 hour work dayUnions and laws had created a 8 – 10 hour work day People had time to spend going to parks, playing sports, etc.People had time to spend going to parks, playing sports, etc.

11. Going Improvements in transportation allowed people to move and go outImprovements in transportation allowed people to move and go out People enjoyed going to plays, watching sports, and anything to get them out of the housePeople enjoyed going to plays, watching sports, and anything to get them out of the house Barnum and Bailey’s circus became a huge hit with Gilded Age peopleBarnum and Bailey’s circus became a huge hit with Gilded Age people

12. Shopping Department stores and chains began form, offering specialized goodsDepartment stores and chains began form, offering specialized goods Stores and advertising for products began to cater to women tastesStores and advertising for products began to cater to women tastes Mail-order catalogs became an easy way for people, not in the cities, to get productsMail-order catalogs became an easy way for people, not in the cities, to get products

13. Baseball A mix of the British games of Rounders and CricketA mix of the British games of Rounders and Cricket Sweeps the nation with professional leagues forming in 1871 (National) and 1906 (American)Sweeps the nation with professional leagues forming in 1871 (National) and 1906 (American) By the 1890’s the game becomes standardized with rules, becomes “national pastime”By the 1890’s the game becomes standardized with rules, becomes “national pastime”