2. African-Americans During the Gilded Age

3. Constitutional Amendments After the Civil War 4 13 th – Prohibits Slavery 4 14 th – Grants citizenship & “equal protection under the law” to all citizens 4 15 th – Grants all men the right to vote The problem was that these provisions of the Constitution were NOT ENFORCED

4. I. Political Treatment

5. 4 Literacy Tests 4 Poll Taxes 4 Grandfather Clauses 4 Intimidation & Violence Examples

7. 4 Literacy Tests 4 Poll Taxes 4 Grandfather Clauses 4 Intimidation & Violence 4 All these limit political participation of blacks Examples

9. II. Economic Treatment

10. Sharecropping

11. Domestic & Manual Jobs

12. III. Social Treatment

13. “Jim Crow” Laws Become the norm

16. Lynchings

18. IV. Reformers in Conflict Booker T. WashingtonW.E.B. Du Bois

19. Tuskegee Institute

20. Niagara Movement & NAACP