1. Chapter 4.5 The Civil War & Reconstruction

2. The Civil War & Taking Sides The slave states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, & Missouri remained in the Union however there was a bitter struggle Robert E. Lee was offered command of the Union forces but he instead joined the Confederates b/c he was loyal to Virginia

3. Emancipation Lincoln initially rejected a policy of emancipation to keep the border states in the Union The Emancipation Proclamation was justified as a military necessity

4. The End of the Civil War Lincoln’s second inaugural address was a plea for reconciliation In April 1865 Gen. Lee surrendered to Gen. Grant at Appomattox Court House The Death toll of the Civil War was 630,000

5. Questions After the War Should the Confederate leaders be tried for treason? How should new governments be formed? Who should pay for the rebuilding of the of the South’s economy? What was to done with the freed slaves? The Grand Review of Union Troops in Victory

6. New Amendments 13 th Amendment – an end to slavery (1865) 14 th Amendment – protect the legal rights of all citizens, due process of law, & citizenship for freedmen (1868) 15 th Amendment – A/A men could vote (1870)

7. Legally Free, Socially Bound After the war, rumors swept the South that ex-slaves would receive 40 acres and a mule According to a Confederate general, recently freed blacks had "nothing but freedom"

8. The Radical Republicans These Republicans understood that essential to maintaining Republican control of the federal government was the right of ex-slaves to vote 14 th Amendment guaranteed equal legal protection to all citizens The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed over Johnson’s veto

9. Hiram Rhodes Revels He was elected as the first African American to serve in the United States Senate, and was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Congress. He represented Mississippi in the Senate in 1870 and 1871 during the Reconstruction era.African AmericanUnited States Senate U.S. Congress Mississippi in the Senate in 1870 and 1871Reconstruction era During the American Civil War, Revels had helped organize two regiments of the United States Colored Troops and served as a chaplain. After serving in the Senate, Revels was appointed as the first president of Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Alcorn State University), 1871-1873 and 1876 to 1882. Later he served again as a minister.American Civil WarUnited States Colored Troops Alcorn State University

10. White Terror The primary objective of the KKK was oppressing blacks & white Republicans In response to the Klan, Grant tried to protect black rights White supremacist violence, electoral fraud, the panic of 1873, & the growing weakness of Grant’s administration, all contributed to the weakening of Republican control in the South. Cartoon chiding the Ku Klux Klan and the White League for promoting conditions "worse than slavery"

11. The Election of 1876 Grant didn’t seek a 3 rd term b/c by 1875, he knew there was growing opposition to his re-nomination The Electoral Commission, set up by congress in Jan. 1877 consisted of 15 members, 5 from the House, Senate, & Supreme Court The Compromise of 1877 ended Radical Reconstruction TildenHayes

13. Booker T. Washington The Atlanta compromise was an agreement struck in 1895 between Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute, and other African- American leaders, and Southern white leaders. It was opposed by W. E. B. Du Bois and other African-American leaders.

14. W.E.B. Du Bois Du Bois was very much against the Atlanta Compromise. He wanted full civil rights immediately. He went on to co-found the NAACP in 1909

15. Plessy v. Ferguson In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) the Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal if there was equality, however there was rarely ever equality. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) started to change Plessy.