1. AP Chapter 19
Industrialization

2. Rise of Industrialization
RR’s linked the nation by the late 1800s and served as a distributor for goods
Rising American population led to a huge demand for mass produced industrial goods
Anthracite coal was the new fuel source for the country

3. Railroads

5. Coal Miners

7. Expanding Market Mass advertising through the mail became common
Sears & Roebuck, Montgomery Ward, Charles Woolworth and A&P became large corporations
Large department stores were able to offer a variety of goods

13. Gospel of Wealth
Belief that hard work and perseverance led to wealth and that poverty was a character flaw
Andrew Carnegie wrote “The Gospel of Wealth” and was one of the greatest business leaders of all time

15. Social Darwinism Survival of the fittest
Businesses that were the strongest were the fittest and would survive
Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan and Vanderbilt and used this to justify their practices

17. The Wage System
Mass production meant that highly skilled workers were replaced by newer inexperienced workers
Many left the farm for the guaranteed daily wage in the factories
Cheap labor from new immigrants allowed the industrialist to maximize their profits

18. Knights of Labor (1869) Included skilled & unskilled laborers
Led by Terrance Powderly
Arbitration- judging of a dispute by an impartial person
Goal- shorter day with more money

20. Haymarket Riot 1886- bomb was thrown into a crowd killing a police officer and several civilians
Anarchists (oppose the govt.) were blamed for the bombing
Knights of Labor- lost a lot of members b/c of the riot
Govt. supported the businesses

23. American Federation of Labor (1886)
Led by Samuel Gompers
Brought different craft unions together
Bread and Butter Goals: higher wages, shorter working hours and better working conditions
Provided support for striking workers

26. South and Industrialization
Southerners made huge profits from controlling the cotton industry
Southern wages were low and child labor was common
Piedmont Communities- produced more cotton and yarn than New England

27. Industrialization and the Cities
Jobs- factories drew millions of people mainly immigrants to the cities
Immigrants took advantage of the expanding job opportunities
Cities became crowded and very dirty

29. Urban Problems Slums- poverty stricken areas of the cities
Mainly African Americans and immigrants lived in the slums
They were the crowded and dirty areas of the cities

31. Crime- rapid increase in crime in the urban areas
Sewage was dumped into the lakes and rivers the same place that people got their drinking water from
No sanitation systems

36. New Architecture Use of steel led to the rise of skyscrapers
Tenements- cheaply built buildings where hundreds of families would crowd into
Tenements were overcrowded and fire hazards
Diseases, rats and roaches spread rapidly

38. Tenements

40. Conspicuous Consumption
Highly visible displays of wealth and consumption
Americans had more leisure time
Huge gap between the rich and poor
Wealthy became leading patrons of the arts
Average American made $700 a year in 1900
People flocked to Chautauqua, NY for lectures

41. YMCA- was created to help those on hard times
Coney Island/Celoron Park- people flocked to these amusement centers as a way to escape life in the cities
Education became more important and many colleges were created
Women’s Educational and Industrial Union- offered classes to wage-earning women
Booker T. Washington founded the Tuskegee Institute that offered vocational skills for blacks

44. Blue Collar Worker- factory workers
Gilded Age- term given to the period form which makes America look like gold on the surface but rough beneath the surface
Philanthropists (Captain’s of Industry) such as Carnegie and Rockefeller donated large sums of money to build libraries, schools and museums
Robber barons- used cruel and ruthless tactics to succeed

45. Conclusion Industrialization led to rapid growth in the country
Carnegie, Rockefeller and others were great business leaders who used questionable practices
Cities were greatly transformed
Unions formed to combat the poor working conditions but struggled to gain support