1. Energy Systems Lesson 5.1

2. Where do we get Energy for our working muscles?

3. The Three Energy Nutrients  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Fats © iStockphoto.com/”og-vision/OlgaLIS” © iStockphoto.com/”Roman Chmiel” © iStockphoto.com/”Kativ”

4. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and stored into the muscle as glycogen. Most easily broken down into this state which is why they are the first thing our body uses as a form of energy.

5. Proteins Proteins are broken down into amino acids. Proteins are used for energy when the body is in starvation mode.

6. Fats Fats are broken down in to fatty acids and a glycerol. Fats are the LAST energy source which is used.

7. How does our body use what we eat?

8. Adenosine DI phosphate (missing a phosphate and can not produce energy) Consumption of food Food is broken down by the body into GLUCOSE (primary fuel source) 1 molecule of GLUCOSE = 2 molecules ATP Energy production

9. ATP = Adenosine TRI Phosphate –3 phosphates are present

10. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)  ATP is a usable form of energy for the body.  Made in the mitochondrion  Resynthesized in two ways  Aerobically  Anaerobically ATP ADP + Pi + ENERGY

11. ATP is the molecule that gives every cell in our body energy to function. All things in our body require energy in order to be able to function properly. –Food metabolism –Heart beat –Muscles contract

12. When you need energy it is on. When you don’t need energy it is being stored and not used.

13. 2 ways to re-synthesize ATP

14. Aerobic System

15. Two Energy Systems  Aerobic System  In the presence of oxygen (O 2 )  All of its metabolic activity will involve O 2  Occurs in the mitochondria  Leads to the complete breakdown of glucose

16. With the presence of oxygen you are able to perform an activity over a long period of time with a balanced intensity.

17. What is an example of “aerobic activity” –Requires oxygen How does your body react? –Heart rate increases –Breathing increases

18. Aerobic System Any activity longer than 90s Mitochondria of cells C6H12O6 + 6O2 +36ADP +36P i --> 6CO2 + 36ATP 6H2O + E

20. ETC – the finer details When oxygen is reduced, it also bonds with 2 H+, and forms one H 2 O (inside the matrix) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor (This is why we need oxygen to live!)

22. ATP Synthase http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KU-B7G6anqw&feature=fvst

23. Anaerobic

24. Occurs in the muscle fiber, only using chemicals and enzymes readily available. Smaller amounts of energy are produced No oxygen is needed for this reaction Needed for short and medium length activities. –Ex: weight lifting, short shifts in hockey

25. The two systems do not act as opposing systems. The two systems co-exist. Sport Books Publisher25

26. Three Metabolic Pathways Sport Books Publisher26

27. Three Metabolic Pathways Within the ANAEROBIC and AEROBIC systems, there are 3 metabolic pathways by which ATP energy reserves are restored: –ATP-PC pathway (anaerobic alactic) –Glycolysis pathway (anaerobic lactic) –Cellular respiration (aerobic) 27

28. Sport Books Publisher28 High Energy Phosphate System Creatine P P ENERGY ADP + P i  ATP

29. PC + ADP ATP + CREATINE  ATP-PC System (anaerobic alactic)  First of two anaerobic energy pathways  Relies on the action of stored ATP and phosphocreatine  Yields enough ATP for 7-12 seconds of energy  Provides highest rate of ATP synthesis ATP-PC System

30. ATP-PC Plays an important role in sporting events which only last a few seconds, but require large bursts of energy. –Ex: Olympic weight lifting, high jump, 50-100 m dash. HOWEVER – muscles do not have large supplies of phosphocreatine, and after about 10-15 seconds, body begins to rely on the seond system.

31. Sport Books Publisher31 High Energy Phosphate System Overview Primary energy source: Duration of activity: Sporting events: Advantages: Limiting factors: Stored ATP, CP 7 to 12 s Weightlifting, high jump, long jump, 100 m run, 25 m swim Produces very large amount of energy in a short amount of time Initial concentration of high energy phosphates (ATP, PC)

32. Sport Books Publisher32 The Anaerobic Glycolytic System ADP + P i  ATP ENERGY Lactic Acid Glycogen

33. 33 Glycolysis A biochemical process that releases energy in the form of ATP from glycogen and glucose anaerobic process (in the absence of oxygen) The products of glycolysis (per molecule of glycogen): - 2 molecules of ATP - 2 molecules of pyruvic acid The by-product of glycolysis (per molecule of glycogen): - 2 molecules of lactic acid

34. 34 The Anaerobic Glycolytic System Starts when: –the reserves of high energy phosphate compounds fall to a low level –the rate of glycolysis is high and there is a buildup of pyruvic acid

35. 35 Anaerobic Threshold The exercise intensity at which lactic acid begins to accumulate within the blood The point during exercise where a person begins to feel discomfort and burning sensations in the muscles Lactic acid is used to store pyruvate and hydrogen ions until they can be processed by the aerobic system

36. 36 Substrates for the anaerobic energy system The primary source of substrates is carbohydrate Carbohydrates: –primary dietary source of glucose –primary energy fuels for brain, muscles, heart, liver

37. 37 Glucose stored in blood Glycogen stored in muscle or liver Complex Carbohydrates Digestive system Glycogen Glucogenesis Circulation of glucose throughout body Glucose Blood Stream Carbohydrate breakdown and storage

38. LACTIC ACID CHALLENGE

39. What is lactic acid challenge? This is a class challenge. –Find an place on the wall, and the person who can perform a wall sit for the longest – will win a prize! Describe what you felt that made you want to stop?

40. What is lactic acid? After 2 or 3 minutes of a sustained activity the body can not break down glucose fast enough to keep up. Lactic Acid builds up in the muscle fibers You are forced to slow down/stop – as it causes pain/discomfort in the muscle.

41. 41 The Anaerobic Glycolytic System Overview Primary energy source: Duration of activity: Sporting events: Advantages: Limiting factors: Stored glycogen, blood glucose 12 s to 3 min Lactic acid build up, H+ ions build up (decrease of pH) 800 m run, 200 m swim, downhill ski racing, 1500 m speedskating Ability to produce energy under conditions of inadequate oxygen

42. Sport Books Publisher42 The Role of Three Energy Systems During an All- out Exercise Activity of Different Duration