1. Genocides “I couldn’t do this to someone” (Waller 2006) Friday 13 th February

2. Outcomes of this lesson Last lessonThis lessonNext lesson Evaluated the variations of Milgram’s studies Must: Identify three different types of genocide Should: discuss the genocides and relate to Milgram’s study Could: Evaluate if Milgram’s study really supports what happens in Genocide The flaws of Milgram’s study Ethical issues Beaumrind (1964) Orne and Holland (1968) Workshop for timed assignment

3. Obedience In an authority setting, people feel obliged to follow the orders even if they agree with them or not.. ( Kelman and Hamilton, 1991)

4. Things to consider… How does Milgram’s experiment compare to what is been witnessed in these following genocides? What is different? Can Milgram justify his findings based on Genocide- that ordinary people are capable of mass killing?

5. The Armenian Genocide Pope Francis describing the mass killings of Armenians during World War I as “the first genocide of the twentieth century”

7. The facts… The Ottoman empire: one of the most powerful states Armenians lived as second class citizens- tolerated but less rights Such as, denied safeguards- state protection and high taxes and lastly inability to partake in government. Decline led to political upheaval led to Armenians wanting protection This ignited suspicions from the ruling Muslim Turks = series of massacres to scare Armenians - killed 300,000 in retaliation and inflicted enormous loss. Decline of the empire led to young Turks seizing power and forming the CUP (committee of union and progress) Formation of an exclusive Muslim state WW1 broke out and CUP formed a triple alliance with central powers: Germany, Austria and Hungry, thus declaring war on Russia and allies, namely France and Great Britain. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gE-XI6blXB0 Handout: ‘Armenian Genocide’

8. The Cambodian Genocide A short documentary on the genocide: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ibmj U0U54k CAUTION: SOME DISTURBING IMAGES!!

9. The Facts… Handout:

10. My Lai Massacre - 1968 “ Kill anything that moves…”-(My Lai Officer Calley) “Destroy the enemy” !!Sensitive!! https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=QDiyqvcIpuc !!Sensitive!! https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=tSKA_Ce4lBg https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=tSKA_Ce4lBg Used Milgram’s experiment as a defence in the trial

11. Milgram and the ‘Agentic state’ Handout individuals act as agents for others their own consciences are not in control

12. Problems with Milgram No everyone obeys Le Chambon Sheltered jews Openly defied orders To cooperate with new Regime Less stories of deviance then Obedience But to be fair not everyone obeyed in the Milgram study!

13. Gamson et al (1982): Defiance A3 HANDOUT

14. Baumrind (1964) Orne and Holland (1968) A3 handout

15. Any other criticisms with Milgram:

16. Thomas Merton ‘ One of the most disturbing facts that came out of the Eichmann trial was that a psychiatrist pronounced him perfectly sane. I do not doubt it at all, and that is precisely why I find it so disturbing. If all the Nazis has been psychotics… their appalling cruelty would have been in some sense easier to understand…’ (Thomas Merton, Reflections)