1. AP Human Geography

2.  What is industry?  What impacts did the Industrial Revolution have?  What regions are heavily industrial?

3.  Primary sector (agriculture)- Ch. 10  Extraction of raw materials from the Earth  Farming, mining, fishing, forestry  Higher % in LDC’s than MDC’s, decreasing globally  Secondary sector (industry)- Ch. 11  Turn raw materials into useful products  Food processing, manufacture of consumer goods  Decrease in MDC’s; increase in LDC’s  Tertiary sector (services)- Ch. 12  Provision of goods and services in exchange for $  Retail, banking, education, govt, etc.  High % in MDC’s

5.  The manufacturing of goods in a factory  Secondary sector  Historically, major source of jobs in MDC’s.  Shifting from MDC’s to LDC’s  Impact of job loss in MDC’s

6.  Industrialization- the process by which industry develops in a country; shift from primary to secondary sector.  Begins mid to late 1700’s (18 th century) in N. England/ S. Scotland  Diffusion to N. America/ W. Europe by mid-1800’s.  Rest of the world in 20 th century.  Led to many social, economic, political changes.  Higher income, better healthcare, education, etc.

7.  New technologies (steam engine) increase production…less reliance on animal/human power.  Shift from agricultural to industrial society  People leave rural areas for urban…cities grow rapidly!  Industries impacted by the IR: iron, coal, transportation, textiles, chemicals, food processing.  Overall, standard of living increases as a result of IR

9.  Origin of the IR (Great Britain)  United Kingdom  Steel, textiles  High tech  Rhine-Ruhr Valley (Germany, Belgium, Netherlands)  Iron, steel, railroads, armaments  Port of Rotterdam  Mid-Rhine (Germany/ France)  Consumer markets  Po Basin (Italy)  Textile  NE Spain  Textile, vehicles  Russia

11.  IR spread to U.S. early to mid- 1800’s  New England (Boston)  Textiles  Middle Atlantic (NYC/ Philly/Baltimore)  Largest American market, entertainment  Mohawk Valley (Buffalo)  Steel  Pittsburgh/ Lake Erie (Pitt/ Cleveland)  Steel  Western Great Lakes (Chicago, Detroit, Gary)  Steel, auto, food  So California (LA)  Clothing, textile, furniture  SE Ontario (Hamilton, ON)  Steel

13.  Japan (1950-60’s)  Originally cut-rate goods…now highest quality  Cars, electronics, precision tools  Tokyo/ Nagasaki/ Osaka  China  Low-cost labor  Textiles/apparel  Household products  Guangdong/ Hong Kong/ Shanghai/ Beijing