1. A Brief History of Family Therapy PSYC5790 Family Counseling: Theory and Practice

2. Historical Context Freud Implicit family influence Jung Wholeness Synthesis of opposites Adler Behavior in context Family structure Really did a lot of family therapy Sullivan Personality inseparable from interpersonal Therapist as a part of this (not “observer”) Fromm-Reichman Extended Sullivan Schizophrenic Family Therapy “Schizophrenogenic Mother” (1948) Allport Acknowledged social/contextual nature Lewin Field Theory Dewey and Bentley Context Relation of observer/observed

3. Cybernetics (1940's) Physics Organization, patterns, processes vs. matter, material, and content Feedback mechanisms Communication

4. WWII Interdisciplinary approach Man and machine together (as a system) Teleology - purposive behavior

5. Gregory Bateson (40's & 50's) Anthropologist Translated language of “science” into social science and communication terms Translated psychology into communication terms

6. Gregory Bateson (2) Communication Theory Paradox Logical types Levels of communication  Conflicted levels Schizophrenia  Schizophrenogenic mothers (communication)  Double-bind hypothesis  Key concept is that psychopathology is interpersonal, not intrapsychic

7. Post WWII Zeitgeist Faith in science Cybernetics (physics) Systems theory (biology) Lots of Support for Research Think tank Exploration/experimentation

8. Major Players and Ideas Ackerman - “Grandfather of Family Tx” Child and Mother Role relationships Bowen Mother/child symbiosis  Hospitalized BOTH!  Then whole families Whitaker “Atheoretical” (very unorthodox) “Experiencing with families” Conference where local families brought in and demos done

9. The Stage Is Set Previous thoughts and thinkers set stage for formal articulation of theories Paradigm Shift (60's) Kuhn: Scientific Revolution From People to “Schools”

10. Golden Years (‘70-85) Centers “Masters” Separation

11. MRI (not really a school at first) Major players cycled through MRI Bateson, Satir, Haley, Weakland, Jackson, Fisch, others Legitimized family therapy Communication approaches Strategic Family Therapy Brief Treatment Program

12. Psychodynamic Bowen Boszormenyi-Nagy Ackerman

13. Experiential/Existential Whitaker (atheoretical) Kempler (Gestalt) Satir (humanistic) (warmest, “feelingest”)

14. Structural School Salvador Minuchin Male juvenile delinquents inner city, low income, ghetto Structural family therapy

15. Strategic Jay Haley Milan Group Milan Italy Strategic approach, with a twist Palazzoli, Boscolo, others

16. Additional Schools Communications MRI Satir Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral

17. Post Golden Years (1985 - ?) Critiques Social Constructionism Integration Pluralism Theoretical Integration Technical/Systematic Eclecticism

18. Sociology of Psychology Fragmented ideas Coming together of ideas Unique Coherent Theory Separation and Differentiation Absorption

19. Multidisciplinary Anthropology Counseling Demography Economics Education History Home Economics Human Development Law Psychoanalysis Psychology Public Health Religion Social Work Sociology