1. Consumer Services and Urbanization Target 12.3 and 12.10

2. 12.10 Explain characteristics of urban populations in developed and developing countries

3. Terms/Concepts Rank-size rule / Primate city rule Urbanization

4. Consumer Services Small cities provide services with small thresholds, ranges, and market areas. –Because too few people live in small settlements to support many services. Larger cities provide consumer services having larger thresholds, ranges and market areas.

5. Consumer Services We spend as little time and effort as possible in obtaining consumer services and thus go to the nearest place that fulfills our needs.

6. Nesting of Settlements and Services According to the central place theory, market areas are arranged in a regular pattern. Larger market areas, based in larger settlements, are fewer in number and farther apart from each other then smaller settlements. Larger settlements also provide services with smaller market areas, thus both large and small markets are drawn around them.

7. Settlements in North Dakota Central place theory helps to explain the distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota. Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart, whereas smaller settlements are more frequent and closer together

8. Ranking Cities In developed countries, the size of settlements follows the rank-size rule.

9. Rank Size Rule Rank-size rule - A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlements is 1/n the population of the largest settlement –Ex. The 2 nd largest city is one-half the size of the 1 st city, the 4 th largest is one-fourth the size of the largest city –The United States follows the rank-size distribution NY, LA, CHI, HOU, PHI

10. Primate City Rule Primate city rule- the largest settlements has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement –The largest city is called the primate city Countries that follow the primate rule tend to be subject to more inequality than rank-size rule countries –Mexico follows the primate city distribution. Mexico City is five times larger than its second largest city (Ecatepec)

11. Mexico City

12. What is Urbanization? Urbanization – the process by which the population of urban settlements grow. –Two ways Increase in number of people living in cities Increase in percentage of people living in cities

13. Urbanization World’s largest cities = developing countries Higher percentage of people in cities = developed countries

14. Terms/Concepts Rank-size rule Primate city rule Primate city Urbanization