1. International Interdependence The Evolution of Global Trade

2. Self Sufficiency A community (or country) is self-sufficient when it provides everything its people need to live. Food, clothing, shelter, and water (basic needs) can be provided without relying on anyone else.

3. Canada’s Aboriginal People

4. Various types of Native Cultures

5. Hunted and gathered their own food. Hunted and gathered their own food. Made their clothes from the skins of animals they ate. Made their clothes from the skins of animals they ate. Passed down skills for making weapons, shelters, tools, canoes, etc. Passed down skills for making weapons, shelters, tools, canoes, etc. (Basic needs were satisfied; They were self- sufficient.) (Basic needs were satisfied; They were self- sufficient.) Some farmed, some hunted/gathered. Some farmed, some hunted/gathered. Some fished. Some fished.

6. Communes Some people today wish to live as self- sufficient as possible. There are groups of people, throughout the world, living in communes or intentional communities. Some people today wish to live as self- sufficient as possible. There are groups of people, throughout the world, living in communes or intentional communities. Intentional communities include ecovillages, student co-ops, and housing cooperatives. Intentional communities include ecovillages, student co-ops, and housing cooperatives. (Commune = Communal Living / Working) (Commune = Communal Living / Working)

7. Pangaia, Hawaii https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cron_7RtogM

8. Los Horcones In October of 1973, a group of people interested in the prevention and solution of personal and social problems, founded Los Horcones. This community is based on the principles of cooperation,equality, pacifism (non-violence), sharing and ecological respect (ecological sustainability).

9. Self sufficiency has been typical of every developing civilization across the globe. Self sufficiency has been typical of every developing civilization across the globe. As they travelled longer distances though, different cultures (with different goods) began to come into contact with one another. As they travelled longer distances though, different cultures (with different goods) began to come into contact with one another. Self sufficiency was possible, but was it desirable? Self sufficiency was possible, but was it desirable?

10. Trade In Canada, the Huron people were able to grow more corn, beans, squash, and tobacco than they really needed. In Canada, the Huron people were able to grow more corn, beans, squash, and tobacco than they really needed. Northern peoples were hunters, having hides and furs in abundance. Northern peoples were hunters, having hides and furs in abundance.

11. Through trade, the hunters were able to acquire corn and beans in exchange for hides and furs. (….and vice versa.) Through trade, the hunters were able to acquire corn and beans in exchange for hides and furs. (….and vice versa.) These groups now were interdependent, relying on one another to fulfill certain needs or wants. These groups now were interdependent, relying on one another to fulfill certain needs or wants.

12. Early Trade 3000 years ago: 3000 years ago: China had silk and tea in abundance China had silk and tea in abundance India had spices India had spices Camel caravans had figs, scented oils, and rare woods to trade as they travelled across North Africa Camel caravans had figs, scented oils, and rare woods to trade as they travelled across North Africa

14. The Roman Empire Merchants came from: Merchants came from: Greece with wine and honey. Greece with wine and honey. Asia Minor with jewels, marble, timber Asia Minor with jewels, marble, timber China with silks and spices China with silks and spices Arabia with glass, dyes, and textiles Arabia with glass, dyes, and textiles Egypt with grain, ivory, and papyrus Egypt with grain, ivory, and papyrus Spain with fruit and gold Spain with fruit and gold Britain with tin and copper Britain with tin and copper

15. The Romans were able to encourage trade by making it easier (and safer) to travel. The Romans were able to encourage trade by making it easier (and safer) to travel. -Paved roads for example. -Paved roads for example.

16. First Trade Regulations With the decline of the Roman empire, around 500 a.d., travel became much more dangerous and many communities were forced to become self sufficient again. With the decline of the Roman empire, around 500 a.d., travel became much more dangerous and many communities were forced to become self sufficient again. During the middle ages (476-1000 a.d.) many communities sprang up around castles, cathedrals, and monasteries. During the middle ages (476-1000 a.d.) many communities sprang up around castles, cathedrals, and monasteries.

17. Local rulers collected taxes from the people that lived around them in exchange for protection. Local rulers collected taxes from the people that lived around them in exchange for protection. These ‘feudal’ towns became part of larger provinces and nations. These ‘feudal’ towns became part of larger provinces and nations. Economic activity (trade between these towns) was on the rise. Economic activity (trade between these towns) was on the rise.

18. Merchants and craftspeople organized themselves into associations called guilds. Merchants and craftspeople organized themselves into associations called guilds. These guilds were very influential in their towns and communities, and they controlled the manufacturing and sale of products made by people of the town. These guilds were very influential in their towns and communities, and they controlled the manufacturing and sale of products made by people of the town.

19. If you were from another town, and wanted to sell or trade goods, the guilds would make you pay a fee to do so. (a tax) If you were from another town, and wanted to sell or trade goods, the guilds would make you pay a fee to do so. (a tax) If your goods would compete with items produced by the guilds, they would tax these items heavily (or encourage their country’s leaders to do so) If your goods would compete with items produced by the guilds, they would tax these items heavily (or encourage their country’s leaders to do so)

20. Trade and Exploration In the 15 th and 16 th centuries, the Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, and Dutch set out across the Atlantic Ocean to find a westerly route to the spice markets in Asia. In the 15 th and 16 th centuries, the Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, and Dutch set out across the Atlantic Ocean to find a westerly route to the spice markets in Asia. (Spices preserved food, smelled nice, and were used in medicines – an important commodity!) (Spices preserved food, smelled nice, and were used in medicines – an important commodity!)

21. The journey to India and China was dangerous, expensive, and time consuming for European traders. (But the spice markets beckoned..!) The journey to India and China was dangerous, expensive, and time consuming for European traders. (But the spice markets beckoned..!) The belief was, instead of going East, there might be a safer, cheaper, and quicker way if one went West. The belief was, instead of going East, there might be a safer, cheaper, and quicker way if one went West.

23. 1492? One of the Spanish explorers, Christopher Columbus, claimed the Caribbean islands for Spain in 1492. One of the Spanish explorers, Christopher Columbus, claimed the Caribbean islands for Spain in 1492. Eventually the Spanish empire included Mexico, Chile, Venezuela, Columbia, Argentina. These countries all still speak Spanish. Eventually the Spanish empire included Mexico, Chile, Venezuela, Columbia, Argentina. These countries all still speak Spanish.

24. The West Indies (the Caribbean) provided sugar for Spain. The West Indies (the Caribbean) provided sugar for Spain. (This also necessitated and initiated the slave trade….. ) (This also necessitated and initiated the slave trade….. )

25. Mexico and Central and South America provided gold and silver (some mined, some taken by force from the aboriginal Mayan populations.) Mexico and Central and South America provided gold and silver (some mined, some taken by force from the aboriginal Mayan populations.) Fish and agricultural products were also sent back to Spain. Fish and agricultural products were also sent back to Spain.

26. The Spanish weren’t alone though… By the 16 th and 17 th centuries, France, England, and other European countries were set on claiming territories around the world. By the 16 th and 17 th centuries, France, England, and other European countries were set on claiming territories around the world. The more gold, silver, and trade goods a country could acquire abroad (through trade or by force), the richer and mightier the country would be. The more gold, silver, and trade goods a country could acquire abroad (through trade or by force), the richer and mightier the country would be.

29. Key Terms Self-Sufficient Self-Sufficient Communes / Intentional Communities Communes / Intentional Communities Interdependent Interdependent Guilds Guilds

30. Activity Describe briefly at least five changes that would take place in your life if Canada were to become self-sufficient. Think about changes that you would consider positive and others that you would consider negative. Describe briefly at least five changes that would take place in your life if Canada were to become self-sufficient. Think about changes that you would consider positive and others that you would consider negative.