1. Oliver North and the Iran Contra Scandal Kelli Nussbaumer Period 2

2. Supposed largest scandal since Watergate Officially exposed: November 25, 1986 During Reagan administration Agreed to arms sales to Iran Hoped to secure release of hostages Beginning operation to improve US- Iranian relations

3. Plan Israel ship weapons to Iranian group US would resupply Israel’s weapons US would receive the Israel payment Iranian recipient promised what he could Six hostages held Lebanese Shia Islamist group Hezbollah

4. Background Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution Arms-for-hostages scheme Modifications by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North Late 1985 Portion of proceeds diverted No evidence

5. US Nicaraguan-Contra involvement began in 1981 Signed by Reagan Congress urged efforts to be halted Reagan Administration worked to sustain efforts Jeopardized Reagan administration

6. Contra: “counter revolution” Did Reagan authorize diversion of $? Hand written notes – Casper Weinberger – Oliver North Reagan supported – Anti-Sandinista – Anti-Communism – Contras in Nicaragua

7. Iran-Contra hearings http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9B7ZOM- ZSa8&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9B7ZOM- ZSa8&feature=related Revealed November 1986 Reagan appeared on national television Confirmed weapons transfer occurred Not a hostage-arms trade

8. Notes taken by Defense Secretary Weinberger “he could answer charges of illegality but he couldn’t answer charges that ‘big strong President Reagan’ passed up a chance to free hostages”

9. 1987 Iran-Contra hearings North warned Congress of terrorists – Abu Nidal – Mohmmar Qadaffi Spent $60,000 on home security system Later convicted of criminal charges Conviction later overturned

10. After Reagan returned to national television March 4, 1987 Took full responsibility Investigations ensued Fourteen administrative officials indicted Eleven convictions Some repealed; rest pardoned later

11. Involvement (indicted officials) Elliot Abrams David Addington John Bolton Richard Cheney Robert M Gates Manuchehr Ghorbanifer

12. Involvement (indicted officials) Michael Ledeen Edwin Meese John Negroponte Oliver L. North Daniel Ortega John Poindexter Otto Reich

13. Indicted Officials Many played role in Reagan’s defense Some continued on in same work positions North is now Radio talk show host columnist

14. Reagan succeeded avoiding harsh political penalty Due to Poindexter’s testimony Attorney General Edwin Meese – Focused attention on the diversion – Thought Reagan could credibly deny it Reagan aids minimized public scrutiny

15. Battle over presidential power Still continues now Political struggle in the same direction Congress vs. President Congress vs. Public

16. Records have never became public No sure conclusions made Only speculations Concluded during Bush administration

17. Work Sited http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB210/i ndex.htm http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB210/i ndex.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93 Contra_affair http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93 Contra_affair http://www.snopes.com/rumors/north.asp www.youtube.com