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2. 1 Who is the father of modern genetics? Gregor Mendel

3. 2 If an individual has two alleles that are the same for a trait, he/she has a __________________ genotype. Heterozygous or Homozygous Homozygous

4. 3 If tall (T) is dominant over short (t) in corn, what would be the phenotypes of all the offspring if you crossed two homozygous tall plants? All Tall

5. 4 Which blood type is not possible for children of two parents with type AB blood? Type A, Type B, Type AB, or Type O Type O

6. 5 A black “daddy” cat and a white “mommy” cat had a litter of kittens that all turned out spotted with both black and white. This spotting is an example of….? Codominance

7. 6 What is the name of Charles Darwin’s Book and when was it published? The Origin of Species; 1859

8. 7 If individuals have adaptations that better suit their environments, they are more likely to survive and reproduce more successfully. This theory was one of Darwin’s best ideas and it is known as…. Natural Selection

9. 8 An inherited characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in an environment is called a(n)……. Adaptation

10. 9 The selective breeding of plants and animals by humans to produce offspring with genetic traits of value is known as… Artificial Selection

11. 10 What is the ultimate source of all genetic variation among individuals? Mutations

12. 11 List the seven taxons in order from broadest to most specific! King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup! Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

13. 12 Name the six kingdoms into which organisms can be classified. Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals

14. 13 What is Carl Linnaeus’s two-word system for naming organisms? Binomial nomenclature

15. 14 Which phylum contains most insects, crabs, and lobsters? Arthropod

16. 15 An official scientific name of an organism must include these two taxons. Genus and species

17. 16 Which term describes how bacteria reproduce? Binary fission

18. 17 What does a virus need to survive and reproduce? A living host

19. 18 What is a prion? A misfolded protein

20. 19 What do we call remnants of structures that may have had an important role in an ancestral species but today do not? Vestigial Structures

21. 20 What are the two types of vascular tissue found in a plant and what does each one carry? Xylem – water Phloem - sugar

22. 21 In what layer of a leaf does photosynthesis happen? Palisade mesophyll

23. 22 What is the main part of a leaf called where gas exchange occurs? Spongy mesophyll

24. 23 Name the four different types (categories) of plants. Bryophytes, Gymnosperms, Seedless Vascular, and Angiosperms

25. 24 What are the two types of angiosperms and can you name one difference between the two types? Monocots and Dicots Seed # (1 vs. 2 cotelydons), Vascular Bundles (scattered vs. ring), Leaves (Parallel vs.articulated veins), Flowers (multiples of 3 vs. multiples of 4 or 5)

26. 25 Who made the first antibiotic and what was it called? Alexander Flemming - Penicillin

27. 26 What is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis? What wavelengths of light does it reflect? Chlorophyll; Green

28. 27 What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Give an example of each type. Autotroph – make their own food (Plants) Heterotroph – must eat food to obtain energy (Animals)

29. 28 What pigment gives vegetables and fall leaves their red and orange colors? Carotenoids

30. 29 What is the equation for photosynthesis? 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

31. 30 What are the three main stages of cellular respiration and where in a cell do they occur? Glycolysis – cytoplasm Kreb’s cycle – mitochondria Electron transport chain - mitochondria