1. Plant Kingdom

2. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
What Is a Plant?
What Is a Plant?
Plants are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose.
Plants develop from multicellular embryos and carry out photosynthesis using the green pigment, chlorophyll
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

3. What Plants Need to Survive
In order to survive, plants need:
sunlight
water and minerals
gas exchange
transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant body
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

4. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Early Plants
The oldest known plant fossils, about 450 million years old, are similar to today’s mosses.
They had a simple structure and grew close to the ground.
One of the earliest fossil vascular plants was Cooksonia, which looked similar to mosses living today.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

5. Overview of the Plant Kingdom
Plants are divided into four groups based on these features:
water-conducting tissues
seeds
flowers
Plants are also classified by other features, including reproductive structures and body plan.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

6. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Groups of Bryophytes
Mosses and their relatives are called bryophytes, or nonvascular plants.
They do not have vascular tissues, or specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Groups of Bryophytes
The three groups of bryophytes are:
mosses
liverworts
hornworts
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

8. Tracheophytes Plants that have a vascular system
Tracheophytes can be divided into groups based on their mode of reproduction.

9. Ferns and Their Relatives
Seedless vascular plants include:
club mosses
horsetails
ferns
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

10. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Seed plants are the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land.
Seed plants are divided into two groups:
Gymnosperms bear seeds
directly on the surfaces of cones.
Angiosperms, or flowering plants, bear seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

11. Evolution of Vascular Tissue
The first vascular plants contained tracheids which are cells specialized to conduct water.
Tracheids make up xylem, a transport subsystem that carries water from the roots to every part of a plant.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

12. Evolution of Vascular Tissue
Vascular plants have a second transport subsystem composed of vascular tissue called phloem.
Phloem transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis.
Xylem
Minerals
H2O
CO2 O2
Sugar
Light
Phloem
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall