1. Power Generation Technology Centre THEME A CO2 capture, transport, usage Leader John Oakey Cranfield University UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

2. Theme A A1 – Theme A Integration A2 – Fossil Energy Supply A3 – CCS Synergies & Real Time Supply A4 – CCS as a Bridge to H 2 A5 – Fossil Fuel Use A6 – CO 2 Transport A7 – Long Term Utilisation UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

3. Technical options for carbon capture deployment in the UK (2010, 2020 and 2030) Aberdeen 1 - Definition of Case Studies (windows of opportunity in UKCS based on modelling) 2 – Economics (costs of capture to give cost/supply curve) 3 – Policy/Incentives Imperial College 1 – Review paper on CO2 capture and transport – to influence debate, scenarios & case studies Reading 1 – Guidelines based on theme A scenarios and sensitivity analysis (subtheme A1) Input from all theme A participants and advice from all other themes (especially on storage) External consultation exercise with variety of stakeholders (Jon Gibbins to lead for UKCCSC?) Synthesise and add to theme A activities to develop technical options for carbon capture deployment in the UK Led by Theme Leader: John Oakey Power Generation Technology Centre Overview of Sub-theme A1 – Theme A Integration UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

4. Reading 2 - Life cycle costs & emissions – with & without CCS 3 - Power plant scheme scenarios & scenario collation 4 - Sensitivity analysis Aberdeen 4 – Storage Scenarios A2.b Definition of theme A scenarios* - report A2.a Database of LC energy costs & CO2 emissions – report/CD A2.c Sensitivity analysis report/CD Input from Newcastle 4 (theme A5) * scenarios limited to information required for technical cost assessment Input from Theme B Provide background for decision making on the role that can be played by CCS in meeting UK energy supply objectives Require inputs from A2/A3/A4/A5 Sub-theme Leader: Tim Cockerill Power Generation Technology Centre Overview of Sub-theme A2 – Fossil Energy Supply UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

5. Deliverables A.2.a Database of LC energy costs & CO2 emissions A.2.b Definition of Theme A Scenarios A.2.c Sensitivity Analysis Report TASK A.2.1: Overall assessment of lifecycle costs and emissions of fossil fuel supply options TASK A.2.2: Assessment of impact of future energy supply scenarios TASK A.2.3: Summary of published and produced data Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

6. A3.a Assessment of potential role and value of CCS for grid operation (including intermittent renewables) Overview of Sub-theme A3 – CCS Synergies & Real Time Supply Cranfield 1- Biomass reports/ links to biomass projects Nottingham 1 - Biomass reports/links to biomass projects Manchester Real time supply modelling 1 – Model design 2 – Model development 3 – Model use A3.b Biomass co-combustion assessment Imperial College 2 – Capture plant definition (work done in A4) 3 – Consultation on simplified scenarios 4 – CCS flexibility: value from real time analysis & trading etc 5 – Biomass links (including with TSEC Biomass consortium) Advice from stakeholders (including DTI and UKERC) Investigate the impact of using renewable energy and nuclear in combination with CCS systems Sub-theme Leader: Jon Gibbins Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

7. A.3.a Assessment of potential role and value of CCS for grid operation TASK A3.1: Capture plant technical definition TASK A3.2: Consultation on simplified scenarios TASK A3.3: CCS flexibility: value from real time analysis & trading Power Generation Technology Centre A.3.b Biomass co-combustion assessment TASK A3.4: Biomass links UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

8. Evaluation of the possible candidate renewable energy fuels: availability and supply Potential interactions with capture technologies: Biomass co-processing. - Extending the range of biomass feedstock that can be used and considering future power plant design to maximise the amount of biomass co-fired Quantification of benefits of using co-firing of renewable fuels Power Generation Technology Centre A.3.4. Biomass links Modelling of CO2 reduction in different energy demand scenarios Maintain links with TSEC Biomass consortium UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

9. Overview of Sub-theme A4 – CCS as Bridge to H2 Cranfield 2 – Gasification technical assessment 2a – Reforming of gaseous feedstocks – e.g. BP (both to address H2 purity) (H2 dilution of natural gas supplies? H2 requirements for transport applications?) Nottingham 2 – H2 from methane 3 – Jet fuel from biomass 4 – Gasification cycle data (reports from other projects) Imperial College 6 – H2 use in gas turbines and fuel cells – near term H2 production A4.a Technical review and assessment using CCS for H2 production, in other sectors and to provide offsets Explore the opportunities for producing H2 using CCS (including consideration of new sectors and offsets – negative CO2 output and saleable credits etc) Input from biomass co-combustion work in A3? Sub-theme Leader: John Oakey Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

10. A.4.a Technical review and assessment using CCS for H 2 production in other sectors TASK A.4.1: Scope of H 2 production uptaking actual gasification technology Power Generation Technology Centre Review of steam reforming technology to produce hydrogen Review of coal gasification and IGCC UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

11. TASK A.4.2: Scope of coal underground gasification TASK A.4.3: Catalytic cracking of methane at low temperatures TASK A.4.4: Jet fuel from biomass TASK A.4.5: H2 use in gas turbines and fuel cells Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

12. A5.b Assessment of technical implications of various capture plant technologies Cranfield 3 – Lime capture & chemical looping technologies – reports from other projects 3a – Oxy-fuel – coal (input from IC), gas, etc. 4 – CCS impact on RAMO 5 – Impact of CCS on plant operating cycles/flexibility Nottingham 5 – Adsorption technologies & economics – reports from other projects Imperial College 7 – Power plant (steam cycle) model 8 – Amine scrubber modelling with power plant model (Imperial 7) 9 – Technical work on power plant flexibility with capture A5.a Technical description of various capture plant technologies Assess some key capture technologies International Test Centre at Regina Technical advice on transport (A6) and storage (B) Sub-theme Leader: John Oakey Gasification assessment in A4 Power Generation Technology Centre Overview of Sub-theme A5 – Fossil Fuel Use UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

13. A.5.a Technical description of various capture plant technology TASK A.5.1: Identification and review of the different carbon capture technologies TASK A.5.2: Power plant model Power Generation Technology Centre A.5.b Assessment of technical implications of various capture plant technologies TASK A.5.3: Impact of CCS on plant operating cycles/flexibility UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

14. Power Generation Technology Centre Air Fuel Power Flue gas CO 2 Fuel conversion (Gasifier) CO 2 separation Energy conversion N2N2 H2H2 Air separation O2O2 Storage Compression Shift reactor UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh CO2 pre-combustion capture at a coal gasification plant in North Dakota, USA. This plant employs a physical solvent process to separate 3.3 MtCO2 per year from a gas stream to produce synthetic natural gas. Part of the captured CO2 is used for an EOR project in Canada. A.5.1.1. Evaluation of the state of art of pre- combustion capture technologies

15. Fuel Air Power O2O2 CO 2 Air separation Energy conversion N2N2 Gas clean-up Storage Compression CO 2 /H 2 O Power Generation Technology Centre Flue gas: ~ 97% CO 2 Recycle: ~ 75% Oxy-Combustion Pilot Plant 5 MWe CES water cycle plant at Kimberlina, California A.5.1.2. Evaluation of the state of art of oxyfuel combustion UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

16. Lime capture & chemical looping technologies – reports from other projects Adsorption technologies & economics – reports from other projects Solvent absorption technologies - Amine scrubbing Membranes technologies Power Generation Technology Centre Air Fuel Power Flue gas CO 2 Energy conversion CO 2 separation Storage Compression UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh A.5.1.3. Evaluation of the state of art of post-combustion technologies CO2 post-combustion capture at a plant in Malaysia. This plant employs a chemical absorption process to separate 0.2 MtCO2 per year from the flue gas stream of a gas-fired power plant for urea production (Courtesy of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries).

17. Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh A.5.1.3.1. Lime capture & chemical looping technologies A.5.1.3.3. Solvent absorption technologies - Amine scrubbing

18. A.5.2. Power Plant model Review of performance standards required for retrofit of CCS on current fossil plants and new more integrated fossil systems Develop model of steam cycle for carbon capture plant Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh Define modes of operation of capture plant Basic amine system modelling (for application to steam power plants with post-combustion capture) Integrated optimisation of amine scrubber modelling with power plant model

19. Identify technologies with most potential for integration with likely developments in fossil generation Identify optimum capture performance in the context of a flexible power plant producing low cost electricity Determine the main factors that influence the cost of CO 2 capture CCS impact on RAMO Influence of CCS on flexibility of IGCC Power Generation Technology Centre Power Generation Efficiency Source: IEA GHG studies UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh Cost of CO2 Capture A.5.3. Impact of CCS on plant operating cycles/flexibility

20. Cranfield 6 – Pipeline materials review 7 – Pipeline failure risk analysis Aberdeen 5 – Transport cost modelling Newcastle 1 - UK source/sink analysis – CO2 quantities (review) 2 - CO2 injection technologies review 3 – Regulatory impacts on CO2 transport 4 - Transport scenarios – link to theme A1 5 – Transport options & costs A6.b CO2 transport scenarios for the UK including economic analysis A6.a Functional and technical review of CO2 transport (including regulations) Theme B, GIS and Jeremy Colls (Nottingham) Generate and collate information on CO2 transport options for the UK Sub-theme Leader: Martin Downie Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh Overview of Sub-theme A6 – CO2 Transport

21. A.6.a. Functional and technical review of CO 2 transport (including regulations) Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh TASK A.6.1: UK source/sink analysis-CO 2 quantities TASK A.6.2: Technical and Regulatory requirements for CO 2 transport TASK A6.3: Transport Options A.6.b. CO 2 Transport scenarios for the UK including economic analysis TASK A6.4: Transport scenarios TASK A6.5: Strategic options & cost modelling

22. A.6.1. UK source/sink analysis - CO 2 quantities Review sources: location; CO 2 characteristics; distribution Review sinks: capacity, geological integrity, proximity to coast, existing infrastructure, EOR. Sink assessment/ranking/selection Identify locations of suitable offshore storage reservoirs Identify possible locations of CCS plants, and quantities of CO 2 to be transported Identify existing pipeline infrastructure Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh Sleipner CO 2 injection into Utsira deep saline reservoir

23. Transport overland, existing or new pipelines Sub sea transport using existing or new pipelines Transport by ship, collection from distributed sources, delivery to sink Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh Photo: Dakota Gasification A.6.3. Transport Options

24. Identify specific locations of suitable offshore storage reservoirs for scenario Identify possible location of specific CCS plant, and quantities of CO2 to be transported with respect to the gradual deployment of CCS within the context of the possible energy supply scenarios developed in other themes Technical assessment and optimisation of CCS transport strategies Specify regulatory constraints that might impact on developments Setting specifications and costs for offshore injection platforms Assessment of costs, technical and operational requirements (including energy consumption) for pipe and ship based transport for the CCS deployments envisaged above Devise optimal transport strategies for various CCS deployment scenarios Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh Possible CCS systems: sources for which CCS might be relevant, transport, and storage options A.6.4. Transport scenarios

25. Capture & Storage Costs Source: www.ieagreen.org.uk Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh A.6.5. Strategic options & cost modelling Modelling prospective production of oil and gas from UKCS to 2030 Modelling prospective end of field lives and economic end of infrastructure in UKCS to 2030 Modelling Supply/Cost Curves for CO2 Capture Transportation (and Injection Storage EOR) Modelling Economic Incentives for CO2 Capture Transportation (and Storage/EOR) Integrate results of detailed transport studies within the techno-economic model to inform/modify life cycle analysis Cost of CO 2 Transport

26. Nottingham 6 – Develop catalysts 7 – Probe methods of catalysis 8 – Use, investigate and assess catalysts developed A7.a Better understanding of catalysts which allow photocatalytic reduction in CO2 (including catalyst development) To develop, for the first time, catalysts which allow photocatalytic reduction to be performed in supercritical CO2 Sub-theme Leader: Mike George Power Generation Technology Centre Overview of Sub-theme A7 – Long Term Utilisation UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh

27. Theme D (Social Processes) Theme F (GIS) Theme E (Dissemination) Theme G (High Level Energy Modelling) Theme H (Dynamic Pathways) All Theme A Publish papers and articles and update website Input to integrating modelling as required/appopriate Newcastle Link to theme B re. GIS work on sinks and injection technologies Link to theme C on Nottingham work on environmental impact of leaks Link to GIS for sources/sinks etc Theme C (CCS and environment) Theme B (Geological Storage) Aberdeen Input from Theme B for various tasks Imperial College Input from Theme B for plant flexibility definition Output to GIS from biomass work (if appropriate) Input from GIS for review paper in A1 Input to Theme A Required from All Other Themes (not shown schematically) Advice etc for technical options exercise in theme A1 Cross Theme Interactions Involving Theme A Activities Power Generation Technology Centre UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh