3.  New Imperialism-colonial expansion of European Powers throughout the 19-20 th centuries  Nationalism-the primary belief that one’s nation is above all others

4.  Industrialization-a period where a society changes from a agrarian society to a industrial one, social change and economic development are closely intertwined with technological innovation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_H IWmA&feature=player_embedded#!

5.  Berlin Conference..1884- 1885 seeks to regulate occupation of territory  France, Britain, Germany and Portugal are key members of the meeting  They remap Africa into 50 colonial zones and do not consider culture or language  They do agree to universally end the slave trade in Africa

6.  “I contend that we are the finest race in the world, and that the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race. Just fancy, those parts that are at present inhabited by the most despicable specimens of human beings, what an alteration there would be if they were brought under Anglo-Saxon influence.”  Cecil Rhodes  How does the above quote demonstrate ethnocentrism?

7.  The White Man's Burden,  Rudyard Kipling,  1899   Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought.  The Brown Man's Burden  by Henry Labouchère  The Brown Man's Burden was first published in the London magazine, Truth, and republished in Literary Digest (Feb. 1899).  ……. Pile on the brown man's burden; And, if ye rouse his hate, Meet his old-fashioned reasons With Maxims up to date. With shells and dumdum bullets A hundred times made plain The brown man's loss must ever Imply the white man's gain. Pile on the brown man's burden, compel him to be free; Let all your manifestoes Reek with philanthropy. And if with heathen folly He dares your will dispute, Then, in the name of freedom, Don't hesitate to shoot. Pile on the brown man's burden, And if his cry be sore, That surely need not irk you-- Ye've driven slaves before. Seize on his ports and pastures, The fields his people tread; Go make from them your living, And mark them with his dead.

8. Cinchona, or quinine bark –used for the prevention of malaria. Early machine guns Steam ships

9.  Spread of European political and economic domination throughout the globe

10.  Spread of European political and economic domination throughout the globe  1800: Western powers held 35% of the earth’s surface

11.  Spread of European political and economic domination throughout the globe  1800: Western powers held 35% of the earth’s surface  1878: 67% of the earth’s surface

12.  Spread of European political and economic domination throughout the globe  1800: Western powers held 35% of the earth’s surface  1878: 67% of the earth’s surface  1914: 85% of the earth’s surface

16. Considering the present-day borders of Africa, what impact might occur when eventual independence comes to African countries?

17. An ethnic boundary issue

18. Transition to self rule during a time of turmoil… Anti-colonialism poster which translates – Africa, In fight for Freedom. During the years after WWII, communism and socialism was also spreading across the globe. Above is a pro- communism propaganda poster. Flag of Mozambican Liberation Front – Only flag to have an AK47. A new flag was chosen the country after a national contest in 2005 but this flag is still used today.

19. After two world wars, European countries questioned the cost of keeping colonies… A time of Liberation

20.  The Beginning  World War I  All European nations with African colonies were involved  At the end of the war Germany had to give up all African holdings; most of which fell under British control  World War II  Although European conflicts caused fighting in North Africa there was very little unrest against colonist rulers

21.  African Nationalism  WWII changed the world by colonial powers unwilling to change  Growth of African middle class  Urbanization; revolt against working for low wages in rural jobs controlled by colonial powers

22.  Included people of African descent from around the world  Two Goals:  Wanted to end European control of Africa  Desired equality for people of African descent living in Africa and all other continents

23.  First Conference: 1919  a) The Allies administer the former German territories in Africa as a condominium on behalf of the Africans who lived there.  b) Africans should take part in governing their countries "as fast as their development permits" until, at some unspecified time in the future, Africa is granted home rule.  Second Conference: 1921  "England, with all her Pax Britannica, her courts of justice, established commerce, and a certain apparent recognition of Native laws and customs, has nevertheless systematically fostered ignorance among the Natives, has enslaved them, and is still enslaving them, has usually declined even to try to train black and brown men in real self-government, to recognise civilised black folk as civilised, or to grant to coloured colonies those rights of self government which it freely gives to white men."  Third Conference: 1923  Third Conference 1921  Africa should be developed to benefit Africans and not Europeans  West Africa should have responsible home rule  D. Fourth Conference 1927  Same resolutions  E. Fifth Conference 1945  MAJOR CONFERENCE