1. Old and New Terrorism- patterns of terrorist activity Definition: "the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological." (US Department of Defence). violence Trends of terrorism. The changing characteristics of terrorist activity: structure, objectives, tactics, capabilities, external aid. The EU and US counterterrorism approaches.

2. Terrorism changing characteristics Structure: identifiable organisations with command and control apparatus Objectives: defines set of political, social and economic objectives: radical leftist and ethno-nationalist movements Tactics: highly selective and mostly discriminative acts of violence; took credit and explained their attacks Capabilities: smaller numbers External aid: safehavens, training, logistics Structure: less cohesive, loose structures; diffuse structure and membership; networks Objectives: less comprehensive nationalist or ideological motivations; theological justification Tactics: indiscriminate casualties; high lethality acts; more reticent Capabilities: smaller, deadlier and accessible weapons; operational competence External aid

3. The EU and US counterterrorism strategies post 9/11 Differing strategic cultures. The US/ EU counterterrorist approaches External security approaches: - The use of military force; - Significance accorded to multilateralism; - Long-term strategies Internal security approaches- law enforcement, judicial process, intelligence. Transatlantic divergence and convergence