1. Diabetes 101 Nutrition 120

2. The Facts! Diabetes is a disease in which your body cannot properly store and use fuel for energy. The fuel that your body needs is called glucose, a form of sugar. Glucose comes from foods such as breads, cereals, pasta, rice, potatoes, fruits and some vegetables. To use glucose, your body needs insulin. Insulin is made by a gland in your body called the pancreasDiabetes is a disease in which your body cannot properly store and use fuel for energy. The fuel that your body needs is called glucose, a form of sugar. Glucose comes from foods such as breads, cereals, pasta, rice, potatoes, fruits and some vegetables. To use glucose, your body needs insulin. Insulin is made by a gland in your body called the pancreas More than 2 million Canadians have diabetes!More than 2 million Canadians have diabetes!

3. Type 1 – Mrs.HW (also called insulin dependent OR juvenile diabetes) No one really knows what causes type 1 diabetes. We do know that: There is nothing you could have done to prevent type 1 diabetes, even if you had been to see the doctor sooner.There is nothing you could have done to prevent type 1 diabetes, even if you had been to see the doctor sooner. The body's defence system may attack your insulin-making cells by mistake, but we don't know why.The body's defence system may attack your insulin-making cells by mistake, but we don't know why. People usually find out they have type 1 diabetes before the age of 30, most often in childhood or during their teens.People usually find out they have type 1 diabetes before the age of 30, most often in childhood or during their teens. It is not caused by eating too much sugar.It is not caused by eating too much sugar. Approximately 10% of people with diabetes have type 1Approximately 10% of people with diabetes have type 1

4. Type 2 The remaining 90 % have type 2! The pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not effectively use the insulin that is produced.The remaining 90 % have type 2! The pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not effectively use the insulin that is produced. Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood, although increasing numbers of children in high-risk populations are being diagnosed. Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood, although increasing numbers of children in high-risk populations are being diagnosed. If you have type 2 diabetes, you may be able to keep your blood glucose levels in a target range through healthy eating, physical activity and by taking diabetes medication.If you have type 2 diabetes, you may be able to keep your blood glucose levels in a target range through healthy eating, physical activity and by taking diabetes medication.

5. 3 rd Type Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy. It affects approximately 3.5 per cent of all pregnancies and involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child. Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy. It affects approximately 3.5 per cent of all pregnancies and involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child.

6. Is Diabetes Serious? If left untreated or improperly managed, diabetes can result in a variety of complications, including:If left untreated or improperly managed, diabetes can result in a variety of complications, including: Heart diseaseHeart disease Kidney diseaseKidney disease Eye diseaseEye disease Problems with erection (impotence)Problems with erection (impotence) Nerve damageNerve damage

7. What are the risk factors for diabetes? If you are aged 40 or over, you are at risk for type 2 diabetes and should be tested at least every three years. If you are aged 40 or over, you are at risk for type 2 diabetes and should be tested at least every three years. Should be tested earlier and/or more often if you are: Should be tested earlier and/or more often if you are: A member of a high-risk group (Aboriginal, Hispanic, Asian, South Asian or African descent) A member of a high-risk group (Aboriginal, Hispanic, Asian, South Asian or African descent) Overweight (especially if you carry most of your weight around your middle) Overweight (especially if you carry most of your weight around your middle) Or you have: Or you have: A parent, brother or sister with diabetes A parent, brother or sister with diabetes Health complications that are associated with diabetes Health complications that are associated with diabetes Given birth to a baby that weighed more than 4 kg (9 lb) Given birth to a baby that weighed more than 4 kg (9 lb) Had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) Had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) Impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose Impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose High blood pressure High blood pressure High cholesterol or other fats in the blood High cholesterol or other fats in the blood

8. What are the symptoms? Unusual thirstUnusual thirst Frequent urinationFrequent urination Weight change (gain or loss)Weight change (gain or loss) Extreme fatigue or lack of energyExtreme fatigue or lack of energy Blurred visionBlurred vision Frequent or recurring infectionsFrequent or recurring infections Cuts and bruises that are slow to healCuts and bruises that are slow to heal Tingling or numbness in the hands or feetTingling or numbness in the hands or feet Trouble getting or maintaining an erectionTrouble getting or maintaining an erection

9. Can you prevent diabetes? Scientists believe that lifestyle changes can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. A healthy meal plan, weight control and physical activity are important prevention steps.Scientists believe that lifestyle changes can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. A healthy meal plan, weight control and physical activity are important prevention steps.

10. How is diabetes treated? Education: Diabetes education is an important first step. All people with diabetes need to be informed about their condition. Education: Diabetes education is an important first step. All people with diabetes need to be informed about their condition. Physical Activity: Regular physical activity helps your body lower blood glucose levels, promotes weight loss, reduces stress and enhances overall fitness. Physical Activity: Regular physical activity helps your body lower blood glucose levels, promotes weight loss, reduces stress and enhances overall fitness. Nutrition: What, when and how much you eat all play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. Nutrition: What, when and how much you eat all play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is especially important in the management of type 2 diabetes. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is especially important in the management of type 2 diabetes.

11. How is diabetes treated? Medication: Type 1 diabetes is always treated with insulin. Type 2 diabetes is managed through physical activity and meal planning and may require medications and/or insulin to assist your body in making or using insulin more effectively. Medication: Type 1 diabetes is always treated with insulin. Type 2 diabetes is managed through physical activity and meal planning and may require medications and/or insulin to assist your body in making or using insulin more effectively. Lifestyle Management: Learning to reduce stress levels in day-to-day life can help people with diabetes better manage their disease. Lifestyle Management: Learning to reduce stress levels in day-to-day life can help people with diabetes better manage their disease.

12. The Prevalence and Costs of Diabetes In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that over 177 million people have diabetes. By 2025, this figure will top 300 million.In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that over 177 million people have diabetes. By 2025, this figure will top 300 million.

13. Cont… Approximately 80% of people with diabetes will die as a result of heart disease or stroke.Approximately 80% of people with diabetes will die as a result of heart disease or stroke. Diabetes is a contributing factor in the deaths of approximately 41,500 Canadians each year. Canadian adults with diabetes are twice as likely to die prematurely, compared to persons without diabetes. For example, a Canadian with diabetes is four times as likely to die at age 35 than a 35-year-old without diabetes.Diabetes is a contributing factor in the deaths of approximately 41,500 Canadians each year. Canadian adults with diabetes are twice as likely to die prematurely, compared to persons without diabetes. For example, a Canadian with diabetes is four times as likely to die at age 35 than a 35-year-old without diabetes. Life expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes may be shortened by as much as 15 years. Life expectancy for people with type 2 diabetes may be shortened by 5 to 10 yearsLife expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes may be shortened by as much as 15 years. Life expectancy for people with type 2 diabetes may be shortened by 5 to 10 years

14. Cont… The financial burden of diabetes and its complications on people with the disease and on the Canadian healthcare system is enormous.The financial burden of diabetes and its complications on people with the disease and on the Canadian healthcare system is enormous. A person with diabetes incurs medical costs that are two to three times higher than that of a person without diabetes. A person with diabetes can face direct costs for medication and supplies ranging from $1,000 to $15,000 a year.A person with diabetes incurs medical costs that are two to three times higher than that of a person without diabetes. A person with diabetes can face direct costs for medication and supplies ranging from $1,000 to $15,000 a year. Based on a U.S. study, diabetes and its complications cost the Canadian healthcare system an estimated $13.2 billion every year. By 2010, it's estimated these costs will rise to $15.6 billion a year and by 2020, $19.2 billion a year.Based on a U.S. study, diabetes and its complications cost the Canadian healthcare system an estimated $13.2 billion every year. By 2010, it's estimated these costs will rise to $15.6 billion a year and by 2020, $19.2 billion a year.

15. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes The onset of type 2 diabetes may be prevented or delayed, through increased physical activity, healthy eating, weight loss, not smoking and stress reduction. Taking these steps now can lead to a healthier future.The onset of type 2 diabetes may be prevented or delayed, through increased physical activity, healthy eating, weight loss, not smoking and stress reduction. Taking these steps now can lead to a healthier future. In a large study, people at risk of type 2 diabetes were able to cut that risk 58% by exercising moderately for 30 minutes a day and by losing 5-7% of their body weight. In people over 60, the risk was cut by almost 71%. Other large studies have shown similar results in reducing risk.In a large study, people at risk of type 2 diabetes were able to cut that risk 58% by exercising moderately for 30 minutes a day and by losing 5-7% of their body weight. In people over 60, the risk was cut by almost 71%. Other large studies have shown similar results in reducing risk.

16. The World Wide Epidemic: Prevalence of Diabetes 5% 8% 14% 4% 3%

17. The Worldwide Epidemic: Diabetes Trends Sources: www.who.intwww.who.int www.idf Zimmet P. et al Nature: 414, 13 Dec 2001

18. The Canadian Epidemic: Prevalence of Diabetes in Canada, 1996 Overall self-reported prevalence (15+): 3.4% (n=786,000) Source: Statistics Canada, National Population Health Survey, Public Use Microdata, 1996/97

19. The Canadian Epidemic: Prevalence in Canada, 1994/95 to 2000/01, by Province 1996 - 1997 2.5 3. 1 3.2 3.20 3.2 3.40 4.60 4.6 Prevalence (%) 1.30 to 2.90 3.00 to 3.40 3.50 to 3.90 4.00 to 4.40 5.00 to 5.40 5.50 to 5.90 No data 3.10 1998 - 1999 3.4 4.4 3.1 3.3 3.6 4.0 5.2 3.1 2000 - 2001 1.3 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 5.0 5.15.2 5.8 3.2 1994 - 1995 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.50 3.6 3.90 Source: Statistics Canada: CANSIM II

20. NB & Diabetes Over 34,000 people have diabetes in New Brunswick, or 5.4 per cent of the population. The rate of undiagnosed diabetes can be as high as 30 per cent in New Brunswick.