1. Jeff Ely Angel Henderson THERMOELECTRIC SOLAR POWER GENERATION FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS

2. INTRODUCTION Team members include  Jeff Ely and Angel Henderson from the Old Dominion University MAE department,  Iseley Marshall from the University of South Dakota in material science,  Dr Jin Ho Kang research staff at the NIA in cooperation with NASA Langley. And the help of a few other NIA and NASA staff

3. PROBLEM + SOLUTION Problem definition  Expensive maintenance  High deployment costs  Harsh environmental conditions  High sustainability requirement Design Criteria  Lightweight  Flexible  Cheap materials

4. WHY THERMOELECTRIC? Conventional photovoltaic's  Heavy  Fragile  Expensive  Sustainable Thermoelectric panels could be much better suited for space applications by improving each factor.

5. DESIGN CONCEPT  Light- weight  Flexible  Cheap materials

6. SPRING AND SUMMER 2011

7. TESTING PHASE Effects of each coating were tested individually on conventional thermoelectric modules at 1 sun intensity (100mW/cm 2 )  Control – no coating  Low emissivity top side  High absorptivity top side  High emissivity bottom side

8. TEST SETUP Photo of testing apparatus

9. TEST SETUP Thermocouple #1 Room temperature Thermocouple #2 3 inches above TE module Thermocouple #3 Top surface of TE module Thermocouple #4 Bottom surface of TE module Thermocouple $5 3 inches below TE module

10.  Programs Figures:  Real time data creates a graph with custom axes  Data stored in database in real time  6300 readings for temperature, voltage, and current. LABVIEW FEATURES FOR PROJECT

11. Figure 1-10 The lab view software that record the experiment data in real time

12. SOLAR CELL TESTING

13. EXAMPLE DATA AT 0˚C

15. Results show the validity of the design concept! RESULTS SUMMARIZED

16. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Obstacles  Electrical grid slip  Small size  High precision requirement

17. Utilizing a template  Place semiconductor blocks  silver based epoxy  Aluminum electrical network  Place polyamide surface with epoxy  Flip TE, remove template  Repeat on other side  Apply coatings MANUFACTURING PROCESS

18. Use of a template  Aids in the manufacturing  Dealt with printer imprecision  Template revision process  Final product

19. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Printer Test piece 2.22.52.8 3.0 3.23.4

20. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Design Changes  3.1mm square hole  6mm boundary

21. MANUFACTURING PROCESS The Deliverable

22. GANTT CHART

23. QUESTIONS?