1. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc 1 Prepared By: Renee Brokaw University of North Carolina, Charlotte This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Unit 1 Principles of Communication 2

3. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 3 Understanding Verbal Messages 3

4. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Communication Principles for a Lifetime 4

5. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Why Focus on Language? Words are powerful You choose language 5

6. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc The Nature of Language Language –Involves a system of symbols –Structured by rules (grammar) –Follows patterns (syntax) 6

7. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 7 I just bought this great puce colored dress I wish I knew what puce looked like Puce is a purplish red…sounds beautiful

8. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc People Use Words as Symbol SymbolRepresents Word Sound Gesture Visual Image Thought Concept Object Experience 8

9. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc People Attach Meanings to Words Meaning Bypassing 9

10. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc People Create Denotative and Connotative Meaning Denotative Meaning Connotative Meaning 10

11. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc People Convey Meanings Patriotism 11 Voting Abstract Concrete

12. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Meanings are Culture Bound European Someone from the United States Boston Red Sox Player An opponent American from the South Someone from the North 12 Yankee

13. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Meanings are Context Bound Context WordsEnvironment Facial expressions Tone of Voice Nonverbal Clues 13

14. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc The Power of Words to Create and Label Experience Name labels experience –Alzheimer’s Disease –Parkinson’s Disease –Tourrette Syndrome Describes new phenomena –Sexual harassment Affects mental, physical and emotional health 14

15. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc The Power of Words to Affect Thought and Actions “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” William Shakespeare Substitute the word aardvark for rose –Deliver a dozen long stemmed aardvarks 15

16. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc The Power of Words Shape and Reflect Culture Language within a culture Language in co-cultures –Cultural groups within a larger culture 16

17. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc The Power of Words Make and Break Relationships Word barriers –Polarization Descriptions in extremes or opposites Reflecting no middle ground 17

18. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Bias in Language Race, Ethnicity, Nationality and Religion –“…I Jewed the dealer down.” –“You can’t have that back, you Indian giver.” –“She’s a real Bible banger.” –“He doesn’t have a Chinaman’s chance.” –“They gypped me.” 18

19. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Gender and Sexual Orientation Sexist (exclusive ) language Heterosexual language Homophobic language Generic language 19

20. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question Sexist Language A.Is the same thing a generic language. B.Perpetuates sex-biased perceptions. C.Is the same thing as inclusive language. D.Is not related to perceptions of men’s and women’s status. 20

21. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer Sexist Language A.Is the same thing a generic language. B.Perpetuates sex-biased perceptions. C.Is the same thing as inclusive language. D.Is not related to perceptions of men’s and women’s status. 21

22. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Biased Language Age Class Ability 22

23. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Using Words to Establish Supportive Relationships Trigger word Supportive communication Defensive communication 23

24. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question Trigger words A.Convey a negative evaluation of another person. B.Are used to control others. C.Express sincere feelings. D.Arouse both positive and negative emotions in us. 24

25. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer Trigger words A.Convey a negative evaluation of another person. B.Are used to control others. C.Express sincere feelings. D.Arouse both positive and negative emotions in us. 25

26. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Describe Your Feelings vs. Evaluating Others Your FeelingsEvaluating Others “I have trust issues when you don’t call.” “I don’t like picking up your dirty clothes.” “You always say you’ll call, but you don’t.” “You need to pick up those disgusting dirty clothes in your room.” 26

27. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Solve Problems vs. Control Others Open Ended QuestionsControlling Comments “What seems to be the problem?” “How can we deal with this issue?” “You know what the problem is.” “You have created this issue.” 27

28. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Be Genuine vs. Manipulative GenuineManipulative Be yourself Express interest in others Don’t advance hidden agendas Avoid stereotypes 28

29. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Be Empathetic vs. Detached Empathetic LanguageRigid Language “Could you please explain your idea more, so I can understand what you mean?” “You’re wrong.” 29

30. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Be Flexible vs. Rigid FlexibleRigid “I may be wrong, but it seems to me…” “Here’s something you might want to consider.” “You’re wrong, I’m right.” 30

31. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Present Yourself as Equal vs. Superior Equal Superior “We” language Informal language “You language” Formal language 31

32. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Avoid Gunnysacking Reminding someone of past mistakes, issues 32