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11 TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS Chapter 6 TCP and UDP SPX and NCP
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS2 TYPES OF TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS There are two types of transport layer protocols: Connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) Connectionless User Datagram Protocol (UDP) There are two types of transport layer protocols: Connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) Connectionless User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS3 TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS There are two transport layer protocols in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite: TCP UDP There are two transport layer protocols in the Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)/SPX suite: SPX NCP There are two transport layer protocols in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite: TCP UDP There are two transport layer protocols in the Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)/SPX suite: SPX NCP
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS4 TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP) The TCP protocol (described in Request for Comments [RFC] 793) has the following characteristics: Uses Internet Protocol (IP) ID 06 Is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol Provides guaranteed delivery of packets through sequencing and acknowledgments Provides sliding-window flow control Performs error detection and correction Uses ports to identify the communicating process or application The TCP protocol (described in Request for Comments [RFC] 793) has the following characteristics: Uses Internet Protocol (IP) ID 06 Is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol Provides guaranteed delivery of packets through sequencing and acknowledgments Provides sliding-window flow control Performs error detection and correction Uses ports to identify the communicating process or application
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS5 TCP HEADER AND FIELDS (PAGE 253)
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS6 TCP OPTIONS HEADER AND FIELDS
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS7 EXAMPLE OF A TCP HEADER
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS8 ESTABLISHING A TCP CONNECTION THREE-WAY HANDSHAKE Verify that both computers are operating and ready to receive data Exchange initial sequence numbers (ISNs) Exchange maximum segment sizes (MSSs) Exchange port numbers
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS9 ESTABLISHING A TCP CONNECTION THREE-WAY HANDSHAKE TCP Connection
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS10 EXAMPLE OF A THREE-WAY HANDSHAKE
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS11 TCP CONNECTION TERMINATION
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS12 EXAMPLE OF A TCP CONNECTION TERMINATION
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS13 SEQUENCING AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS14 POSITIVE ACKNOWLEDGMENT WITH RETRANSMISSION
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS15 FLOW CONTROL
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS16 USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL (UDP) UDP (described in RFC 768) has the following characteristics: Uses IP ID 17 Provides fast, connectionless delivery of data Has less overhead than connection-oriented protocols Uses ports to identify the communicating process or application UDP (described in RFC 768) has the following characteristics: Uses IP ID 17 Provides fast, connectionless delivery of data Has less overhead than connection-oriented protocols Uses ports to identify the communicating process or application
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS17 UDP HEADER AND FIELDS (PAGE 266)
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS18 EXAMPLE OF A UDP HEADER
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS19 PORTS & SOCKETS A port number refers to a specific application or process running on a computer. A socket is a combination of a port number and an IP address. (ex: 192.168.2.10:21) this socket addresses port 21 on the system with address 192.168.2.10 The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) assigns well-known port numbers to common Internet applications. A port number refers to a specific application or process running on a computer. A socket is a combination of a port number and an IP address. (ex: 192.168.2.10:21) this socket addresses port 21 on the system with address 192.168.2.10 The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) assigns well-known port numbers to common Internet applications.
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS20 CLIENT AND WELL-KNOWN PORTS There are two types of TCP and UDP ports: Client ports Variable ports with a value from 1024 through 65,534 Server (well-known) ports Commonly used by applications and services Port values with a value from 1 through 1023 There are two types of TCP and UDP ports: Client ports Variable ports with a value from 1024 through 65,534 Server (well-known) ports Commonly used by applications and services Port values with a value from 1 through 1023
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS21 EXAMPLES OF WELL-KNOWN PORTS (TABLE 6-2 Page 268) TCP ports File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 20 and 21 Telnet 23 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 25 UDP ports Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 69 Domain Name System (DNS) 53 Bootstrap Protocol/Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (BOOTP/DHCP) 67 TCP ports File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 20 and 21 Telnet 23 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 25 UDP ports Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 69 Domain Name System (DNS) 53 Bootstrap Protocol/Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (BOOTP/DHCP) 67
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS22 SOCKETS
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS23 NOVELL SPX AND NCP Novell’s NetWare operating system has two connection-oriented protocols that function at the transport layer: SPX NCP Novell’s NetWare operating system has two connection-oriented protocols that function at the transport layer: SPX NCP
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS24 SPX Characteristics SPX is the acronym for Sequenced Packet Exchange. SPX is a connection-oriented protocol. It provides packet acknowledgment and flow control. It is used infrequently by NetWare. Messages are carried in Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) datagrams. SPX is the acronym for Sequenced Packet Exchange. SPX is a connection-oriented protocol. It provides packet acknowledgment and flow control. It is used infrequently by NetWare. Messages are carried in Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) datagrams.
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS25 NCP Characteristics NCP is the acronym for NetWare Core Protocol. NCP is used for NetWare file sharing traffic. It is much more frequently used than SPX. Messages are carried in IPX datagrams. NCP requires an acknowledgment for each transmitted message. NCP is the acronym for NetWare Core Protocol. NCP is used for NetWare file sharing traffic. It is much more frequently used than SPX. Messages are carried in IPX datagrams. NCP requires an acknowledgment for each transmitted message.
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS26 SPX HEADER AND FIELDS
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS27 NCP HEADER AND FIELDS
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS28 EXAMPLE OF AN NCP HEADER AND FIELDS
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Chapter 6: TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS29 SUMMARY Connection-oriented transport layer protocols like TCP, SPX, and NCP provide guaranteed, reliable delivery of datagrams. They all exhibit the same characteristics: sequencing, acknowledgments, flow control, error correction and detection, session establishment, and teardown. Connectionless transport layer protocols like UDP provide fast but unreliable delivery of datagrams. They do not use sequencing, acknowledgments, flow control, or error correction. There is no session establishment or teardown. Connection-oriented transport layer protocols like TCP, SPX, and NCP provide guaranteed, reliable delivery of datagrams. They all exhibit the same characteristics: sequencing, acknowledgments, flow control, error correction and detection, session establishment, and teardown. Connectionless transport layer protocols like UDP provide fast but unreliable delivery of datagrams. They do not use sequencing, acknowledgments, flow control, or error correction. There is no session establishment or teardown.
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