1. University of Palestine Dept. of Architecture @ Urban Planning Introduction to Planning ( EAGD 3304 ) M.A. Architect: Tayseer Mushtaha Email: mushtaha_t@yahoomail.com 20/10/2008

2. LECTURE 4. DISCUSSION FOR TODAY WILL COVERS; PLANNING CYCLE

3. PLANNING CYCLE,,, Planning can be thought of as a cycle that prioritizes ideas, assesses their importance and potential, and documents the steps in the work you are going to do. Ask yourself the following questions to begin the planning cycle: 1.What are the problems/needs that this project aims to address? 2.What is the goal and how will we reach it? 3.What are the required resources and how much will everything cost ? 4.What does the project timeline look like? 5.How will we check if the project is working and successful? What is the planning cycle?

4. Planning is a continuous process STRATEGIC PLANNING; ACTION PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; MONITORING; EVALUATION PLANNING CYCLE,,, or (planning round) Planning cycle

5. Strategic Planning A strategy is an overall approach and plan. So, strategic planning is the overall planning that facilitates the good management of a process. Strategic planning takes you outside the day-to-day activities of your organisation or project. It provides you with the big picture of what you are doing and where you are going. Strategic planning gives you clarity about what you actually want to achieve and how to go about achieving it, rather than a plan of action for day- to-day operations. What is Strategic Planning?

6. Enables you to answer the following questions: Who are we? What capacity do we have/what can we do? What problems are we addressing? What difference do we want to make? Which critical issues must we respond to? Where should we allocate our resources?/what should our priorities be? Strategic Planning Strategic Planning, Only once these questions are answered, is it possible to answer the following: What should our immediate objective be? How should we organise ourselves to achieve this objective? Who will do what when?

7. A strategic plan is not rigid. It does, however, give you parameters within which to work. That is why it is important to: Base your strategic planning process on a real understanding of the external environment Use work you have already done to extend your understanding of the external environment and of your own capacity, strengths and weaknesses

8. ACTION PLANNING Action planning is the process that guides the day-to-day activities of a project. It is the process of planning what needs to be done, when it needs to be done, by whom it needs to be done, and what resources or inputs are needed to do it. It is the process of operationalising your strategic objectives. That is why it is also called operational planning. What is action planning?

9. Most action plans consist of the following elements: a statement of what must be achieved (the outputs or result areas that come out of the strategic planning process); a spelling out of the steps that have to be followed to reach this objective; some kind of time schedule for when each step must take place and how long it is likely to take (when); a clarification of who will be responsible for making sure that each step is successfully completed (who); a clarification of the inputs/resources that are needed.

10. IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING PLAN THAT CLARIFY THE FOLLOWING,,, INSTITUTIONAL SET UP (RESOURCES) TECHNICAL FINANCIAL (RESOURCES) TIME SCHEDUALING MONITORING AND EVALUATION STRATEGIES

11. Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring is the systematic collection and analysis of information as a project progresses. It is aimed at improving the effectiveness of a project. It is based on targets set and activities planned during the planning phases of work. It helps to keep the work on track, and can let management know when things are going wrong. If done properly, it is an invaluable tool for good management, and it provides a useful base for evaluation. It enables you to determine whether the resources you have available are sufficient and are being well used, whether the capacity you have is sufficient and appropriate, and whether you are doing what you planned to do. Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans. It looks at what you set out to do, at what you have accomplished, and how you accomplished it. It can be formative (taking place during the life of a project or organization, with the intention of improving the strategy or way of functioning of the project or organization). It can also be summative (drawing learning's from a completed project or an organization that is no longer functioning). What is monitoring and evaluation?

12. What monitoring and evaluation have in common is that they are geared towards learning from what you are doing and how you are doing it, by focusing on: Efficiency, Effectiveness, Impact Efficiency tells you that the input into the work is appropriate in terms of the output. This could be input in terms of money, time, staff, equipment and so on. When you run a project and are concerned about its reliability, then it is very important to get the efficiency element right. Effectiveness is a measure of the extent to which a development programme or project achieves the specific objectives it set. If, for example, we set out to improve the qualifications of all the high school teachers in a particular area, did we succeed? Impact tells you whether or not what you did made a difference to the problem situation you were trying to address. In other words, was your strategy useful? you need to be sure that what you are doing makes sense in terms of the impact you want to achieve.

13. NEXT DISCUSSION WILL COVERS; REGIONAL PLANNING GOOD LUCK

14. Neighborhood Neighborhood, is the primary planning element for future urban development. Discussion of density, (gross,net)

15. NEIGHBORHOOD, URBAN DISTRICT & CITY… URBAN PLANING HOUSING AND PUBLIC SERVICES: Is one of the central planning elements in determining the extend of future urban development and land use planning. As long as societies have different income groups, different housing standards has to be developed to meet the needs of different income groups. Also, public services standards has to be developed to be used to determine the spatial needs at different levels, neighborhood, urban district and city level.

16. Housing sector is likely the largest user of land economic resources in the urban development sector. To come over this problem in the case of Palestine (Gaza), the choice is to use the neighborhood unit as the basis for calculating the required land for future development. The unit (neighborhood) contains housing needs, local public and private services and open spaces. The aim is to create good residential environment at the local level…

17. The neighborhood, 5.000 inhabitants, with area needed for local public and private services and open spaces. The urban district, 25.000 inhabitants with extra area needed for public services and open spaces needed on the district level. The city, 100.000 inhabitants with extra area needed for public services and open spaces needed on the city level.

18. THE NEIGHBORHOOD The neighborhood has 5.000 inhabitants HOW??? The elementary school is the basic planning element has 1.600 students (boys and girls). They represent 28% of the total population… (6-12 years) This means that the neighborhood includes 5.000 inhabitants. How to standardize the density in the neighborhood? The Palestinian society has different income groups, low, medium and high income groups. (47%, 35% and 18% respectively) The average family size is 7 person /family… then the neighborhood has 720 household which means 720 housing units.

19. The net area needed to house 720 household is approximately 65 dunums, and 32.5 dunums are needed for public services and open spaces, and 32.5 dunums are needed for transportation. The area needed for the neighborhood is 130 dunums. The gross density of the neighborhood is 5.5 hu/dunum The urban district represents 5 neighborhoods with extra area needed for public services and open spaces needed on the district level. 650 dunums + 50 dunums for services and transportation on the district level. The area needed for the urban district is 700 dunums. The gross density of the urban district is 5.0 hu/dunum The city represents 4 urban districts with extra area needed for public services and open spaces needed on the city level. 3.140 dunums is the area needed to house 100.000 inhabitants, but the city has different needs such as commercial areas, recreational areas and industrial areas, this area represents 20% of the total area of the city, so that the city area is about3.925 dunums with gross density of 3.6 hu/dunum

20. Note that the higher level we mention the lower density will be!!!