1. Chapter 18 Social Change and Collective Behavior

2. Chapter Outline Using the Sociological Imagination Social Change Sources of Social Change Theoretical Perspectives

3. Chapter Outline Modernization Collective Behavior Dispersed Collectivities Crowds Social Movements

4. Tocqueville’s Key Assumptions in Predicting Social Change Major social institutions would continue to exist. Human nature would remain the same. Equality and the trend toward centralized government would continue.

5. Tocqueville’s Key Assumptions in Predicting Social Change The availability of material resources limits social change. Change is affected by the past, but history does not strictly dictate the future. There are no social forces aside from uman actions.

6. Processes for Change Three interrelated social processes lead to social change: Discovery Invention Diffusion

7. Computers Connected to the Internet (per 100,000 people)

8. Years for 30% of Americans to Acquire Technologies

9. Defining Elements of Asocial Movement 1. A large number of people 2. A common goal to promote or prevent social change. 3. Some degree of leadership and organization. 4. Activity sustained over a relatively long period of time.

10. Theoretical Perspectives: Social Change Theoretical PerspectiveConceptExample FunctionalismEquilibrium The nature of the presidency has continuity, despite scandals in the Nixon and Clinton administrations.

11. Theoretical Perspectives: Social Change Theoretical PerspectiveConceptExample Symbolic Interactionism UrbanismA smaller proportion of social interaction in a large city is based on shared meanings.

12. Theoretical Perspectives: Social Change Theoretical PerspectiveConceptExample Conflict theory Interest group Civil rights laws were enacted in the 1960s as a result of the struggle over racial equality.

13. The J-Curve Theory of Revolution

14. Hot Buttons for College Activists YearHot Topics 1960sVietnam war Civil rights 1970sClean air and clean water Female empowerment 1980sInternational human rights Endangered species Sexual assault

15. Hot Buttons for College Activists YearHot Topics 1990sGay rights Sweatshop labor Legalization of marijuana New Millennium Globalization and corporate dominance Immigration

16. Major Forms of Collective Behavior FormExample RumorThe prediction that airplanes would crash on a massive scale on January 1, 2000 Urban legend Fierce alligators in New York City’s sewer system FadSwing dancing FashionWearing Nike shoes.

17. Major Forms of Collective Behavior FormExample CrowdNew Year’s celebrants at Times Square in New York City MobLynch mob RiotBehavior following the acquittal of police officers who were filmed using extreme force against Rodney King Social movement Civil rights movement