1. The Play Experience Robin Burke GAM 224

2. Outline Admin Play Experiential aspects of play The Core Mechanic Examples

3. Admin Rules paper many still outstanding (2 days late) no papers accepted after Thursday Due next week Design Project: Core Mechanic

4. Play New unit What are rules for? Rule create play experiences for players When we design rules We must have player experience in mind

5. Play a very complex phenomenon with deep roots animal play, esp. among the young in most primate species, adults play Play is a kind of performance

6. To play Requires that you acknowledge the "performance" that is happening and that the performance is somehow not real "we're not really fighting" This is where the "magic circle" comes in the theatre stage is a magic circle we know that no one actually dies during a performance of "Hamlet"

7. Kinds of play Caillois' categories Agon competition Alea chance Mimicry role-playing Ilinx disorientation

8. Agon Greek word for competitive struggle n.b. "agony" Competitive play The goal is to defeat an opponent especially another human opponent Winning demonstrates superior mastery of some skill Examples any competitive sport, Warcraft

9. Alea Latin word for dice Chance-based competition The goal is to win but it is fate that decides Winning demonstrates one's luck or perhaps one's understanding of probability Examples Sorry, Thunderstorm, Lottery

10. Mimicry The assumption of a role The goal is to sustain the role through acting and improvising Success demonstrates one's ingenuity and empathy for a character Examples "House", Dungeons & Dragons, Any MMORPG

11. Ilinx No simple translation "the inducement of vertigo" "creation of disorientation" Is this play? how else to categorize play activities like "Crack the Whip"?

12. Caillois' Play Taxonomy Paidea (free, improvised)Ludus (structured) AgonPlayground competitions (wall-ball, tag) Organized sports, Chess AleaCounting-out rhymesLottery, Children's board games MimicryPlaying houseLARP IlinxCrack the whip, DancingWater slides, Skiing

13. Application Most video games combine multiple forms of play Wind Waker Mimicry component through the avatar Agon component combat (ritualized) with other characters Alea component random treasures appear when exploring Katamari Damacy ?

14. Play Schemas Play of Experience (10/12) the "core mechanic" what is the activity of the game Play of Pleasure (10/19) fun what makes the game enjoyable Play of Meaning (10/19) coherence how does the game create meaning Narrative Play (10/24) story what makes the game tell a story Play of Simulation (10/24) verisimilitude what makes the game feel "real" Play quiz (10/26) – Note revision to syllabus Play paper due (10/31)

15. Core Mechanic What the player does to play Performative loop perception of the game world analysis of the situation selection of action performance and evaluation of action Different games emphasize different aspects

16. Terminological note This is not how Ernest Adams defines the term he would define this as the "primary gameplay mode" We will use our book's definition

17. Core Mechanic 2 PerceptionAnalysis DecisionExecution Evaluation

18. Thunderstorm four dice object to be the last player whose house is not struck by lightning rules player rolls all available dice if no ones are rolled player adds to "house" drawing if house is already complete, it is struck by lightning and player is out if at least one 1 is rolled all of the dice with ones are removed from play play passes the next player if all dice are ones all four dice are back in play house seven elements

19. Thunderstorm Perception Analysis Decision Execution / Evaluation

20. Eight and out deck of cards 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, A in four piles by suit the rest of the cards are put in a separate pile called the heap object to be the last player with the most points rules each player starts with eight points each player draws one card from each pile if an Ace is drawn that deck is removed from play all other decks are reshuffled if all drawn cards are Aces, all four decks are back in play if no Aces are drawn the player draws a card from the heap if a player collects eight cards he is out

21. Eight and Out Perception Analysis Decision Execution / Evaluation

22. Core mechanic themes Limited number of core mechanic themes common to many video games often combined Most common aimed attack strategic battle collection exploration race puzzle

23. Aimed attack Characteristics Conflict with fast-moving opposing force Examples Asteroids Centipede Soul Calibre Basic elements Perception range of enemy Analysis available moves my strengths / weaknesses opponent's strengths / weaknesses Decision move to use Execution / Evaluation move, attack, defend, impact

24. Strategic battle Characteristics Conflict with slow moving opposing force Gathering and deployment of resources Examples Civilization III Warcraft II Chess Basic elements Perception range / configuration of enemy available resources Analysis available moves strengths / weaknesses resource exploitation long-term consequences Decision force deployment force development resource acquisition Execution / Evaluation direct units consequences may not be immediate

25. Collection Characteristics accumulation of something Examples PacMan Katamari Damacy Basic elements Perception location of items obstacles Analysis path to items avoidance of obstacles Decision trajectory to follow Execution / Evaluation move, grab

26. Exploration Characteristics Exploration of a large unknown environment Examples Legend of Zelda (all) Myst Basic elements Perception opportunities for traversing the world obstacles Analysis navigational options overcoming obstacles Decision where to go Execution / Evaluation move

27. Race Characteristics Rapid traversal of defined path Examples Mario Kart F-Zero GX Basic elements Perception path of motion Analysis desired trajectory vehicle capabilities Decision optimal trajectory Execution / Evaluation adjust speed, steering

28. Puzzle Characteristics Solving logical puzzles Examples Mastermind Tetris Lemmings Basic elements Perception puzzle elements Analysis reasoning Decision likely solution path Execution / Evaluation attempt solution or partial solution

29. Combinations Race + Aimed Attack Mario Kart Double Dash!! Exploration + Aimed Attack + Puzzle Zelda, Metroid, Halo, Tomb Raider, etc. Exploration + Strategic Battle + Puzzle KOTOR, Pokemon, many RPGs Exploration + Puzzle Myst, classic adventure games

30. Core mechanic Specific instantiation of the thematic ideas what kinds of moves? what must be perceived? complexity of decisions

31. Example I: Asteroids Perception trajectories of avatar, asteroids and enemies Analysis collision probabilities shooting opportunities Decision orientation, thrust, fire Execution / Evaluation button presses success in maneuvering / destroying Real time the loop is quick

32. Example II: FFTA

33. FFTA Core Mechanic 1 Battle Perception location of party, enemies and terrain status conditions Analysis tactical situation character's (and enemies') condition and abilities Decision motion action Execution / Evaluation menu option plus confirmation successful actions Turn-based the loop can take longer

34. FFTA Core Mechanic 2 Provisioning Perception character stats available missions available items / money Analysis strategic needs of clan needed abilities job advancement Decision choice of job choice of equipment = choice of abilities to learn purchase items purchase missions Execution / Evaluation menu choices medium- and long-term consequences Off-line (some) decisions can be revised

35. Monday Core mechanic exercise