1. The Industrial Revolution and its Critics Alexandria Kennedy

2. Many social and economic problems were caused by the Industrial Revolution Poorly paid workers endured terrible conditions in the workplace. Workers lived in squalid conditions in slums. Child labor was widespread, and they worked long hours in dangerous conditions. There was a lack of opportunity for education.

3. Terrible Working Conditions

4. Squalid Living Conditions

5. Child Labor

6. Karl Marx Marx diagnosed the root causes of these problems.

7. Conditions of modern industrial societies result in the alienation of workers from their own labor.

8. Marx believed that people were divided between the bourgeoisie – people who owned land, resources, factories – and the proletariat – people who worked for wages

9. As businesses expanded, each worker became less important, each one has less political influence Owners didn’t care about safety and living conditions

10. Marx’s Solution Marx proposed an economic system in which the wealth of a society would be shared by all.

11. Communist Manifesto Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto which predicted that a revolution in which the proletarians overthrew the capitalists would come.

12. Marx said, “Let the ruling classes tremble… The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains… Working men of all countries unite!”

13. When property is owned by all, individual interest in one’s own labor is retained, avoiding alienation.

14. Capitalism never collapsed as Marx predicted. His theories were used by Russian revolutionaries.

15. Since Marx’s time, “communism” has evolved to mean an economic system that calls for government ownership of land, factories and resources.

16. Works Cited Marx and Engels: Communism. May 15, 2006.http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/5o.htm Karl Marx. May 15, 2006.http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmarx.htm The History Place – Child Labor in America. May 15, 2006 http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/ http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/ Documenting "The Other Half": The Social Reform Photography of Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine May 15, 2006 http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA01/Davis/photography/slideshows/slideshows.htmlhttp://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA01/Davis/photography/slideshows/slideshows.html The Living City New York City. May 15, 2006 http://www.tlcarchive.org/htm/framesets/living_city/fs_exh.htm http://www.tlcarchive.org/htm/framesets/living_city/fs_exh.htm Marx. May 15, 2006 http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/marx.htmhttp://www.philosophypages.com/ph/marx.htm Karl Marx: His Life and Work. May 15, 2006 http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/photo/art/index.htm http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/photo/art/index.htm Communist Manifesto. May 15, 2006 http://www.flickr.com/photos/earthworm/73864710/in/set- 72057594058670187/http://www.flickr.com/photos/earthworm/73864710/in/set- 72057594058670187/ Graphic Witness:Hugo Gellert. May 15, 2006 http://www.graphicwitness.org/contemp/marxtitle.htm http://www.graphicwitness.org/contemp/marxtitle.htm Klee, Mary Beth. The Human Odyssey Volume 2. McLean, VA: K12 Inc, 2005.