1. Bellringer On the map, label: – Britain – Spain – Italy – Greece – Russia – Asia Minor – Mediterranean – Black Sea

2. Agenda 1.Byzantine GRAPES

3. Objectives Students will be able to… 51. Summarize the accomplishments of Justinian and the Byzantine Empire. 52. Assess the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. 53. Explain the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and Russia.

4. The Byzantine Empire Objective #51

5. G Eastern Roman Empire  Byzantine Empire Asia Minor, Balkan Peninsula, Egypt, Palestine Capital: Constantinople

6. Location is Everything Why Constantinople? – Rule #3 – Far from the Germans – Natural defenses

7. Maps! Asia Minor Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Spain (Iberia) Italy Greece Arabia Canaan/ Judea Egypt Caspian Sea 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

9. R Christianity, of course Schism – Pope and patriarch – Icons – Language – Marriage and celibacy Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox (Objective #52)

10. A Preserved Greco-Roman culture – Germans were illiterate Art – Especially icons and mosaics

11. Byzantine Art Blended Greek, Roman, and Middle Eastern styles Emphasized two themes – The glory of the emperor and empire – The Church Use lots of bright colors!

12. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

18. Other Achievements (write them now, explained in a moment) Constantinople – Hagia Sophia Justinian Code Surviving for 1000 years

19. P Empire Monarchy Theocracy? Famous ruler: Justinian

20. Justinian Restores the glory of Rome – Rebuilds Constantinople – Re-conquers Roman territory – Reforms the empire

21. Rebuilding Constantinople Justinian: repairs defensive walls and fortifications, and builds new ones

22. Rebuilding Constantinople Justinian: modernizes the city – Hospitals – Schools – Palaces – Aqueducts – Law courts – Public baths – Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

23. Rebuilding Constantinople Justinian: builds churches, including the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

24. Re-conquer

25. Reforms Justinian declares he (the emperor) is in charge of the church Reforms and strengthens the bureaucracy and tax collection

26. Most Important Reform Justinian Code – Reviews, revises, edits, and codifies 5,000 Roman laws – Explains how to use and interpret all the laws – Standard of law in continental Europe to this day

27. E Trade Center of trade Lots of trade Trade

28. E Did I mention trade? Economy centered around providing for Constantinople (and trade)

29. S The usual – Except! Women had more rights and freedom – Empress Theodora

30. Byzantines and Russia Objective #53

32. Russians Slavs + Vikings = Russians Rest stops on trade network (/invasion routes) become cities – Connect Baltic and Black Seas

33. Conversion Byzantine missionaries want to convert the Russians to Christianity Prince Vladimir converts everyone in Kiev in 989 – Hagia Sophia!

34. Language New alphabet: Cyrillic – Invented by Saint Cyril – Slavs had language, but not written

35. Influence Religion Language Art Church design CULTURAL DIFFUSION

36. Bye Bye, Byzantium

37. Overexpansion Just like the Romans! – Bankrupts the empire – New neighbors are enemies – Too large to control Learn the lessons of history!

38. Many Enemies In the West – Many Germanic tribes, Slavs, and others attack parts of the Byzantine Empire In the East – Persians and then Islamic empire attack Constantinople in 626, 674, 717

39. AD 550

40. AD 1050

41. Schism Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines – Fewer friends in the West if they need to call for help – No hope of reuniting Roman lands – Crusaders hurt Constantinople

42. AD 1350

43. More Enemies Turks and Mongols invade from the East throughout the 13 th and 14 th centuries Finally, the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople in 1453

44. Know This Date! Constantinople falls: 1453