1. Health and Wellnes Benefits
Chapter 3
Health and Wellnes Benefits

2. Hypokinetic Disease: What is it and why do I need to know what it means
Hypokinetic disease is a health problem or illness that is in part caused by a lack of regular physical activity (sedentary lifestyle)
What it means to you:
As teens get older and quit playing sports and extracurricular activities, the amount of time they spend in physical activity greatly reduces
As they become more sedentary, they become more likely to develop a hypokinetic condition

3. What are some examples of hypokinetic conditions
Leading causes of health threats
Heart disease-things such heart attack, heart valve problems, & heart failure
Cancer-various forms and stages of cancer exist
Stroke-form of heart disease but listed as separate health threat

4. Heart Disease (Cardiovascular Disease)
Heart disease has been the LEADING cause of death in the U.S. each year since 1920
It is a primary or partial cause of 60% of all deaths
Currently, 1 in 4 Americans has some form of heart disease

5. Causes of heart disease
Each reason someone could get heart disease is called a RISK FACTOR
The more risk factors you have, the more chance you have of getting a disease
Two types of risk factors: primary & secondary
Primary examples: sedentary lifestyle, smoking, high blood pressure, too much body fat & having diabetes

6. RISK FACTORS Primary examples: sedentary lifestyle smoking
high blood pressure,
too much body fat
Diabetes
Secondary examples: stressful living & excessive alcohol use

7. Heart disease vocabulary
HEART ATTACK: occurs when blood supply into or within heart is reduced or cut off
As a result, an area of the heart muscle can die
ATHEROSCLEROSIS: clogging of the arteries
Arteries are pipelines that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body
When arteries get clogged, the heart has to work harder to pump blood

8. Vocabulary Continued
Your heart beats & forces blood through arteries causing blood to push against artery walls
This force of blood against artery walls is BLOOD PRESSURE
Two types of blood pressure
SYSTOLIC: pressure in your artery right after the heart beats (higher of 2 readings)
DIASTOLIC: pressure in artery just before the next beat of heart (lower of 2 readings)

9. BLOOD PRESSURE Normal 1 2 3 Systolic < 120 140- 159 160- 179 180 +
180 +
Diastolic
<80
110+

10. VOCABULARY
STROKE: occurs when oxygen in the blood supply to the brain is severely reduced or cut off
Because a stroke damages the brain, it can affect a person’s ability to move, think, and speak
HYPERTENSION: high blood pressure
Regular physical activity is one way to lower blood pressure
Take blood pressure when relaxed

11. CANCER
More than 100 different disease characterized by the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
Cancer’s uncontrolled cells invade normal cells, steal their nutrition, and interfere with cells’ normal functions
Death rate from ALL forms of cancer is lower in active people than in inactive people
Some forms of cancer are considered hypokinetic (breast & colon cancer)

12. DIABETES DIABETES: a person’s body cannot regulate sugar levels
Type 1 Diabetes
Not a hypokinetic condition
Often hereditary & accounts for 10% of diabetes
Insulin is used for treatment
Type 2 Diabetes
Hypokinetic because people who are active are less likely to have it
Too much body fat is a risk factor
Used to be called adult onset diabetes

13. OBESITY a condition in which a person has a high % of body fat
Often a result of inactivity
Since 1980, the % of obesity among teens has increased from 5% to 14%

14. OSTEOPOROSIS
The structure of the bones deteriorates and the bones become weak
Most common among older people, but can begin in youth
Those who exercise develop stronger bones than those who don’t
Important to do exercises that cause you to bear weight (walking, strength training)
Women are more likely to develop than men as a result of hormonal changes that can cause calcium absorption to become less efficient

15. Benefits of physical activity & wellness
Improved sense of well being and mental functioning
Healthy fat levels
Resistance to fatigue
Opportunity for social interaction
Ability to meet emergencies
Healthy body systems
Enjoy leisure activities

16. HYPERKINETIC CONDITIONS
Health problems caused by doing too much physical activity
Examples
Overuse injuries
Activity Neurosis
Body image disorder
Eating Disorders

17. OVERUSE INJURY
Ch. 2 taught us that these occur when you do so much physical activity that your bones, muscles, or other tissues are damaged
Examples
Stress fractures
Shinsplints
blisters

18. ACTIVITY NEUROSIS
People are overly concerned about getting enough exercise and are upset if they miss a regular workout
They usually work out when sick or injured
Risk of getting cold or flu is reduced if you are a regular exerciser, but those who do EXCESSIVE exercise have increased risk of getting a cold or flu

19. Body image disorder
This disorder occurs when a person tries to achieve an ideal body by doing excessive exercise
Teenage boys with body image disorder will usually work out too much and use dangerous supplements such as steroids
Teenage girls strive for extreme thinness and their body image disorder can result in an eating disorder

20. EATING DISORDER Results from an extreme desire to be abnormally thin
Often results in dangerous eating habits and excessive activity to expend calories for fat loss
Eating disorders that abuse exercise are considered hyperkinetic conditions
Two main types
Anorexia
Bulimia

21. HEALTHY BACK & GOOD POSTURE
25 million Americans per year seek a doctor for back related problems
Back pain is experienced by 80% of all adults at some point in their lives
Studies show that 1/3 of elementary school children experience back pain & teenagers have as many back problems as adults

22. BACK PROBLEMS
A backache is considered a hypokinetic condition because weak & short muscles are linked to some types of back problems
By building fit muscles to improve your posture, you can help reduce the risk of back pain

23. BACK PROBLEMS
Good fitness helps the back operate efficiently because your body parts are balanced like blocks on your legs
Chest hangs from your spine & is balanced over your pelvis
Head sits on top of your spine, balanced over other blocks
Your spine is flexible & can move back & forth; the pull of your muscles keeps your body parts balanced
If your muscles on 1 side are weak & long while muscles on opposite are strong & short your body parts are pulled off balance

24. LORDOSIS Back problem that often occurs among teens
Definition: too much arch in the lower back
Also called swayback
Results when abdominal muscles are weak and hip flexor muscles are too strong & too short
Can lead to backache

25. Why are backaches so common?
Even people who are fit in other areas can lack fitness in muscles related to back problems
One reason is sports and games often UNDERDEVELOP some muscles and neglect others
It is not uncommon for school athletes to have back problems

26. POSTURE PROBLEMS STRONG, LONG MUSCLES CONTRIBUTE TO GOOD POSTURE
PTOSIS: protruding abdomen
KYPHOSIS: rounded back and shoulders
Good posture
Helps prevent back problems
Helps you work & play efficiently

27. PRINCIPLES TO HELP IMPROVE POSTURE
Use the large muscles of the body when lifting –let strong leg muscles, not weak back muscles
When lifting, keep your weight (hips) low-squat with back straight & hips tucked
Divide a load to make it easier to carry
Avoid twisting while lifting
Push or pull heavy objects rather than lift
Avoid a bent-over position when sitting, standing, or lifting

28. Reducing Risk Factors Be able to identify important risk factors
Take steps to change the risk factors that are in your control
Physical activity
Tobacco use
Take steps to change risk factors that are partially under your control
Blood pressure
Learn about your family history
Check to see what diseases your parents & grandparents have had

29. DIABETES CONTINUED Diabetes can cause:
Damage to blood vessels, heart, kidneys, and eyes
Very high level of sugar can cause coma and death