1. Module 4 Constants Copy Statement Perform Verb Part 1

2. Two types of Constants Literals Figurative Constants

3. Cobol Literals String / Alphanumeric literals are enclosed in quotes and may consists of alphanumeric characters e.g. “Alan Cheah”, “-123”, “123.45” Numeric Literals may consist of numerals, the decimal point and the plus & minus sign. Numeric literals are not enclosed in quotes. e.g. 123, 123.45, -640, E.g. : 01WeekAmt 03WeekAmt1pic 9(6) value 123456 03WeekAmt2pic x(6) value “123456”

4. Figurative Constants HIGH-VALUE or HIGH-VALUES LOW-VALUE or LOW-VALUES SPACE or SPACES ZERO or ZEROS or ZEROES QUOTE or QUOTES

5. Fig. Constants Examples 01PaycheckPIC 9(5)V99 VALUE 13.5. MOVE ZEROES TO Paycheck. 01StudentNamePIC X(10) VALUE “ALAN” MOVE ALL “-” TO StudentName

6. Copy Statement There are many files used in many programs Defining all the fields in the records is tedious and fussy. So, we can keep these record definitions in a directory/file accessible to all. These files are known as copy books/ copy text The copy book does not include a 01 level

7. Copy Statement Sample of copy book (emp-rec.cpy) 03emp-idpic x(5). 03emp-salary pic 9(5). Sample usage fdemp-file 01emp-rec. copy emp-rec.

8. Copy Statement After compilation fdemp-file 01emp-rec. 03emp-idpic x(5). 03emp-salary pic 9(5).

9. Perform Verb PROCEDURE DIVISION. TopLevel. Display “Top Level.Start Program” Perform Level_One Display “Back in Top Level.”. STOP RUN. Level_Two Display “Now in Level 2” Level_One Display “Now in Level 1” Perform Level_Two Display “Return to Level 1”

10. Compulsory Lab Exercise Using PERFORM paragraph PERFORM X TIMES, create a program that accepts user to enter X times for a paragraph to display “I love COBOL and UNITEN.” Please try before I show you the answer at the end of the lab.