2. Defence The Role of GO’s and NGO’s in Relation to Defence Defence Treaties Advantages and Disadvantages of Defence Social Justice and Equity Issues Related to Defence © Karen Devine 2010

3. The Role of Governments in Relation to Defence Protection of the national interests. Prevention of coercion by hostile nations. Protection of the free market system. © Karen Devine 2010

4. The Role of Governments in Relation to Defence Protection of individuals who are incapable of protecting themselves. Maintenance of the national borders. Securing and maintaining freedom and democracy. © Karen Devine 2010

5. The Role of NGO’s in Relation to Defence NGO’s play a role in the defence of human rights and protest abuses worldwide. NGO’s inform and educate all sections of the population about defence issues throughout the world. © Karen Devine 2010

6. The Role of NGO’s in Relation to Defence NGO’s can focus on a particular defence issue. Eg: Nuclear non- proliferation. NGO’s can monitor issues which impact on global security. NGO’s play a role in international treaty negotiations relating to defence. © Karen Devine 2010

7. Defence Treaties THE ANZUS TREATY. Australia, New Zealand and the USA all have similar strategic interests and therefore have formalised the relationship into ANZUS and ANZACS. © Karen Devine 2010

8. Defence Treaties The USA is one of Australia’s most important defence partners and this link relates back to WWII when Australia needed the USA’s assistance. © Karen Devine 2010

9. Defence Treaties ANZUS was signed in 1952 and aims to strengthen peace in the Asia-Pacific region. © Karen Devine 2010

10. Defence Treaties The main articles of ANZUS establish that: a) international disputes should be settled peacefully b) the parties will assist in an armed attack c) there will be consultation between the parties d) armed attacks will be reported to the UN Security Council e) armed attacks on one nation will be presumed to be armed attacks on any of the parties. © Karen Devine 2010

11. Defence Treaties OTHER DEFENCE TREATIES. OTHER DEFENCE TREATIES. Other defence or security treaties are with: a) Denmark (1999) b) Canada (1996) c) Singapore (1997) d) Sweden (1985) e) South Africa (2000) f) PNG (1977) g) Malaysia (1971). © Karen Devine 2010

12. Advantages of Defence Strengthens cultural relationships. Protection of innocent civilians and those seeking asylum. Promotion of cultural ties which reinforces common democratic values. Develops trade alliances. © Karen Devine 2010

13. Advantages of Defence Ensures the stability of free markets. Ensures the safe passage of goods and services internationally. Promotion of economic growth in the region. © Karen Devine 2010

14. Advantages of Defence The defence forces provide jobs for Australians. Forges alliances. Protection of the Asia- Pacific Region. Defence forces engage in counter-terrorism actions which keep the world safe. Eg: Somali pirates. © Karen Devine 2010

15. Disadvantages of Defence Defence forces can be viewed as using cultural imperialism over other nations. If peacekeeping forces remain in a nation too long, the citizens become dependent on them rather than self reliant. © Karen Devine 2010

16. Disadvantages of Defence The increased global economic cost of financing defence is at the expense of health care and education. © Karen Devine 2010

17. Disadvantages of Defence The Asia-Pacific Region is unstable, our defence forces must be ready at short notice. Our defence force is relatively small and is heavily overcommitted at present. © Karen Devine 2010

18. Social Justice and Equity Issues Related to Defence Defence forces assist in providing freedom against oppressive regimes. Eg: Saddam Hussein. Defence forces assist in the development of a peaceful, stable world which will be of benefit to all citizens. © Karen Devine 2010

19. Social Justice and Equity Issues Related to Defence The military often assists in times of human catastrophe and disaster by providing relief. Eg: Earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts, famine. There is a role for the military in combating poverty. © Karen Devine 2010

20. Social Justice and Equity Issues Related to Defence Modern defence forces aim to deter and defeat perverted ideologies related to terrorism. The defence forces also strive to combat international piracy which disturbs the free flow of international trade. © Karen Devine 2010

21. Pause Point Watch Film on Tackling the Taliban. Tackling the Taliban. Tackling the Taliban. © Karen Devine 2010

22. Question Time? What are the difficulties in defeating the Taliban? Why is Australia committed to Afghanistan? What has changed regarding Afghanistan since 2007? © Karen Devine 2010