1. © Oxford University Press 2008 4.5 Homo floresiensis Modern reconstructions make Neanderthals look more human and more intelligent...... so why are they a different species?

2. © Oxford University Press 2008 Separate species They looked different Neanderthals had bigger brains and were shorter and stronger 4.5 Homo floresiensis

3. © Oxford University Press 2008 They stayed separate We have no evidence that they mated with modern humans and had fertile offspring 4.5 Homo floresiensis

4. © Oxford University Press 2008 Flores Another human species Some 18,000-year-old bones have been found on this island. They are human, but not like us or like Homo neanderthalensis. It's another human species. Scientists are calling it Homo floresiensis. A TV company is planning a documentary about them. 4.5 Homo floresiensis

5. © Oxford University Press 2008 Homo floriensis We've got a reconstruction based on one of the skulls. We'll use actors to show what their lives were like. 4.5 Homo floresiensis Study the briefing sheet Find out how different they looked and suggest some scenes to include

6. © Oxford University Press 2008 Homo floresiensis 4.5 Homo floresiensis 1. This is the most complete skeleton 2. Brain the size of a grapefruit 3. Teeth -aged 30 4. Large feet, long arms 5. Stone tools and miniature elephant bones were found nearby. The bones were black – they looked burnt. 6. A volcano covered the island with hot ash 12,000 years ago

7. © Oxford University Press 2008 Overall appearance Key points: short small head long arms big feet 4.5 Homo floresiensis

8. © Oxford University Press 2008 Scenes to reconstruct Cooking: Cutting a miniature elephant up and roasting it over a camp fire Hunting: Attacking a miniature elephant with stone tools Their last days: Hiding in a cave as a volcano in the background belches out ash 4.5 Homo floresiensis