1. Plants

2. General Characteristics  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Perform photosynthesis  Alternation of generations

3. Alternation of Generations  One haploid generation  One diploid generation

4. Alternation of Generations

5. Bryophytes  Liverworts  Hornworts  Mosses

6. Bryophytes  Small plants that grow in moist places on land  Damp rocks, logs, forest floor, swamps, marshes, beside streams and pools  Flagellated sperm cells  Lack vascular tissues

7. Tracheophytes  Vascular plants  Adapted to living on land

8. Psilopsids

9. Club Mosses

10. Horsetails

11. Ferns

12. Seed Plants

13. Tracheophytes  Protective layer of cells around reproductive organs  Multicellular embryos  Cuticles – waxy covering on outer cells  Xylem

14. Vascular Tissues  Specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients  Xylem – transports water and minerals  Phloem – transports water and food

15. Xylem and Phloem

16. Gymnosperms  Cone-bearing plants  Produce male and female cones

17. Gymnosperms

18. Angiosperms  Flower-bearing plants  Seeds are contained in a protective wall that develops into a fruit

19. Flowers

20. Double-fertilization

21. Parts of Plants

22. Roots  Anchor plant in soil or to object  Absorb water and minerals  Store carbohydrates, water and other nutrients

23. Root Structure

24. Types of Roots

25. Taproot  A thick root that has smaller, side- branching roots, e.g. cassava, carrots, beets, parsnips and turnips  Used for storage

26. Tap roots

27. Fibrous Roots  Made up of many smaller branching roots  All about the same size and grow from a central point  Do not grow as deeply, e.g. grass, strawberries, blueberries, scallions, marigolds and white clover

28. Fibrous Roots

29. Stems  Provide support and attachment for roots, leaves, buds and flowers  Allow growth in length and thickness  Transport water and minerals from roots to leaves  Transport carbohydrates from leaves to other parts

30. Types of Stems

31. Rhizome  An underground, horizontal stem that live through the winter, e.g. irises

32. Tuber  An enlarged portion of a rhizome, e.g. potato

33. Bulb  A shortened, compact, underground stem that is surrounded by fleshy leaves. E.g. onions, daffodils and tulips

34. Stolons  Also known as runners – aboveground stems, e.g. clover and strawberries