1. Psychotherapy (Chapter 19) Second Lecture Outline : Humanistic therapies Drug and behavior therapies Cognitive-behavioral approaches Video 101: Cognitive-behavioral

2. Humanistic Therapies “Clients” in stead of “Patients” moves away from medical model Client-centered therapy is non-directive, assumes free-will Clients will sort out their problems if therapists are genuine (honest), give unconditional positive regard (self-worth), and acknowledge client feelings (empathy)

3. Psychotropic drug therapies Antipsychotic drugs: Phenothiazines –Cloropromazine: Block’s dopamine reuptake Antidepressant drugs: MAO Inhibitors and tricylics (e.g., Prozac) –increase serotonin & norepinephrine in synapse Barbituates and Benzodiazepines –valium, librium: relax muscles and tranquilize –barbituates: CNS depressant, addictive, lethal Concerns: Side effects, toxicity, latency

5. Behavior therapy Treatment of symptoms, objective behaviors, scientific methods –single subject designs Counterconditioning: stimulus response is replaced by alternative response –Aversion therapy: e.g., anta-abuse –Systematic desensitization: Relaxation paired with gradually more threatening images and experiences, e.g., dog phobia, sex therapy

6. Behavior therapy (continued) Extinction procedures –Flooding: Exposure to threatening stimuli, e.g., fear of flying –Implosion therapy: Imagine you are confronted with very threatening stimuli Operant conditioning –token economy: earned tokens based on a system of rewards and punishers –behavioral contract: e.g., gain weight to earn privilege

7. Modeling People can learn adaptive behaviors by having them modeled Age, credentials, similarity of the model is important Example: Social skills training videotapes function by having appropriate behavior demonstrated Example: Parent training with “bug in the ear”

8. Behavior Therapy Begin with comprehensive assessment, using BASIC ID diagnosis Behavior - Overt behaviors and habits Affect - Emotions, moods, strong feelings Sensation - The five senses, unpleasant sensations, aches, pains, dizziness Imagery - how does client view self, dreams and memories Cognition - Insights, philosophies, ideas judgments Interpersonal relationships - interactions with other people Drugs / biology - Drugs, prescription, non-prescription, health and nutrition, concerns about health

9. Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Clients change their behavior by changing their cognitions Goal: change how people think about things Rational-emotive behavior therapy –Cognition precedes emotion and irrational thoughts therefore cause emotional distress –“I need to be a perfect student” –Therapist needs to challenge irrational cognitions

10. Cognitive-Behavior (video 101) Cognitive Therapy of Beck –Maladaptive schemas need to be changed because they interfere wth your life Stress Inoculation Training –Stress management., adaptive cognitions, how did I do? Social Problem Solving –Identify problem, choose alternatives, choose, implement, evaluate outcome