1. Chapter 23 Respiration and Excretion

2. Excretory System Many different chemical changes take place in cells. – As these changes take place waste products form. – Ex: Cellular Respiration -> CO 2 + H 2 O – Other waste products from cells: salts, nitrogen compounds, and heat.

3. Excretory System cont. What is the function of the Excretory system? 1)Cell protection 2)Blood movement 3)Waste removal 4)Food breakdown 5)Regulations of hormones Waste products can be harmful to the body if they build up and collect in the body.

4. What major components make up the excretory system? Kidneys Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra Skin

5. Kidenys Humans have 2 kidneys which are located just above your waistline. Main job of the kidney is to remove waste products from the blood Each minute about 1 L of blood pass through your kidney. In 1 day your kidneys remove waste products from about 170 L of blood.

6. Kidenys cont. Millions of tiny tubelike structures called nephrons are located inside the kidney. Nephrons are the filtering structures of the kidneys

7. How do nephrons filter waste products and nutrients from the blood? How are nutrients returned to the blood?

8. What is the main function of the kidney? 1)Protections 2)Produce hormones 3)Waste removal 4)Support and Shape 5)Kill bacteria

9. What are the filtering structures of the kidney? 1)Ureter 2)Urethra 3)Collecting tube 4)Artery 5)Nephron

10. Waste removal Waste products leave the kidney through the collecting tube as a liquid called urine. Urine = H 2 0 + salts + urea Excretion is not completed until urine is removed from the body. The job of the urinary system is to remove liquid waste (urine) from the body.

11. How is urine removed? Urine leave the kidneys through a tube called the ureter. 1 ureter from each kidney carries urine to the urinary bladder, which is a muscular sac that stores urine. When the bladder becomes full, muscles from the bladder contract forcing out the urine into the urethra. The urethra carries urine to the outside of the body.

13. What is urine made of? 1)Water 2)Salt 3)Urea 4)Glucose 5)1,2, and 3

14. What tube carries urine outside of the body? 1)Ureter 2)Urinary bladder 3)Urethra 4)Nephrons 5)Collecting tube

15. Skin Skin has small structures called sweat glands, which excrete waste products in the form of perspiration. Perspiration = H 2 O + salts + urea Each sweat glands has a small tube that leads to the surface of the skin called a pore.

16. Skin cont. You have millions of pores in your skin. Sweat produced in the sweat glands leaves your body through these pores. Sweat that reaches the skin’s surface evaporates quickly, which cools your body. Excess heat is removed from your body as it cools, which helps regulate body temperature.

17. What is the major function of the skin? 1)Protection 2)Sensation (touch) 3)Excretion 4)Temperature regulation 5)All of the above

18. What other organ besides the skin removes H 2 O, salts, and Urea? 1)Liver 2)Kidney 3)Heart 4)Stomach 5)Intestines

19. Excretory Problems Kidney Stones Acne

20. Kidney Stones They are formed from calcium compounds and nitrogen wastes that are not excreted by the body. Small kidney stone can pass through the ureter, but can cause great pain. Large kidney stones cannot pass through the ureter, causing a blockage which can destroy kidney cells.

21. How are large kidney stones removed? Medication – causes the stone to dissolve and break apart Surgery – involves the risk of infection, can lead to complications. Sound waves – aim shock waves at the stone causing it to vibrate and break apart

22. How are large kidney stones removed? lithotripsy treatment for kidney stones

23. Acne Is a combination of skin diseases. Symptoms: whiteheads, blackheads, and pimples. Whiteheads & blackheads develop when oils clog the pores of the surface of the skin. A pimple forms when a blackhead is infected with bacteria.

24. Why would washing your face several times each day help control acne? 1)Helps remove dead skin 2)Helps remove excess oil 3)Helps prevent clogged pores 4)All of the above

25. Controlling Acne 1.Wash your face several times per day with soap and water 2.Apply a dry lotion to the skin after washing 3.Avoid oily cosmetics 4.Remove all cosmetics before going to bed 5.Eat a well balanced diet 6.Get plenty of rest and exercise