1. United Nations Main Mission: maintain international peace and security and promote friendly relations between countries

2. Human Rights UDHR: Universal Declaration of HR –More rights than in Constitution –Everyone in world supposed to get when born, but not everyone has. Examples –Live free from violence –Freedom of speech/press –Freedom of religion/assembly –Right to complain against or criticize the government –Right to privacy –Right to an education

5. UN Budget Member contributions based on ability to pay –Budget for 2012-2013 in the amount of $ 5,152 billion –According to a UN Membership Assessment Report for 2009, the US paid membership dues of $62,302,548, or approximately 22% of the U.N. annual budget for 2010. The European Union, Japan, and the USA cumulatively pay 80% of the total U.N. annual budget. –References: Center for UN Reform Education: Finding Agreement on Member States’ Assessments Complicates Budget Approval –U.S. contribution is only.06% of the total annual U.S. budget of $2.8 trillion

9. U.S. China Russia United Kingdom France All have veto authority in the Security Council Samantha Power

10. Ban Ki-moon Secretary General

11. Resolution Statement of rules by the security council that is supposed to be followed by all UN members

12. Security Council Actions 2 Ways to Peace Peacekeeping: soldiers sent into an area in an attempt to stop the fighting. –Either to separate sides or actual military action. Boxing ref or aggressor –A country must consent to the presence of peacekeepers. Peacemaking: diplomatic negotiation of peace (no use of force) Divorce mediator (wedding crashers) –Ceasefire: when both sides agree to stop fighting each other.

13. Sanction Penalty for disobedience Military –Disarmament: Halting the spread of weapons Collect weapons Defuse/destroy weapons –Even nuclear weapons Economic: Usually involves, limiting trade of specific goods like weapons, but could involve all goods (Embargo). Diplomatic –Removal of UN personnel

14. Humanitarian Aid –Providing for the basic needs of groups of people who cannot provide for themselves. Basic human needs: –Food, Shelter, Clothing, Medicine Hum. Aid often goes to Refugees Someone who has no home, either due to a natural or manmade disaster. Someone who cannot return home for fear of an attack.

15. Commission a Study Researchers & experts are sent to study a problem. –Global problem: Global Warming or diseases –Country specific: Weapons or genocide

16. World Court Based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Main functions is to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states. –Ex. Crimes against humanity (genocide)

17. International Agencies Work Closely with the UN International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank World Health Organization

18. UN Agencies International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) World Food Program

19. Governments Democracy Form of govt. where all the ppl have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Includes equal participation in the proposal, development & passage of legislation into law. –US, Israel, Palestine, Pakistan, S. Korea, Dictatorship Government is ruled by an individual Power to govern without consent of those being governed –North Korea, China, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Vietnam

20. Economies Capitalist Economic system –dominant in Western world Elements of capitalism: –private ownership of the means of production –creation of goods or services for profit or income –acquiring of capital (money) Communist Economic system Aims at the establishment of: –a classless, –moneyless, –society structured upon common ownership of the means of production

21. Organizations OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Coordinate & unify the petroleum policies and ensure the stabilization of oil markets. –Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela NATO (N. Atlantic Treaty Organization) Defensive military alliance of 28 countries –whereby its member states agree to defend each other in response to an attack. –Canada, France, Italy, UK, US, Greece, Germany, Spain, a lot of Eastern Europe

22. Groups of Countries G-20 Top leaders in the 20 largest developed & developing countries come together to discuss key issues in the global economy. –Ex: S. Africa, US, Canada, Brazil, Japan, China, Saudi Arabia, Russia, EU, Australia, Fr. UK, Germ., Italy BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, S. Africa are developing or newly- industrialized countries,

23. EU/AU/Arab League European Unions (EU): economic and political partnership between 27 European countries. Fosters economic cooperation: countries that trade with one another are economically interdependent and will thus avoid conflict. African Union (AU): Group of 54 African countries that meet to discuss social, economic & political problems in Africa. Arab League: organization of Arab states in North and Northeast Africa, and Southwest Asia (Middle East). –Currently 22 members & 4 observers. –Main goal: draw closer the relations between member States and co- ordinate collaboration b/w them, to safeguard their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries.