1. Unit II Review- American Adolescence

2. Historical Population of the present area of New York City and its boroughs YearManhattanBrooklynQueensBronxStaten Is.Total 16984,9372,017n/a 727 177121,8633,623n/a 2,847 179033,1314,5496,1591,7813,82749,447 180060,5155,7406,6421,7554,56379,215 181096,3738,3037,4442,2675,347119,734 1820123,70611,1878,2462,7826,135152,056 1830202,58920,5359,0493,0237,082242,278 1840312,71047,61314,4805,34610,965391,114 1850515,547138,88218,5938,03215,061696,115 1860813,669279,12232,90323,59325,4921,174,779 1870942,292419,92145,46837,39333,0291,478,103 18801,164,673599,49556,55951,98038,9911,911,698 18901,441,216838,54787,05088,90851,6932,507,414 19001,850,0931,166,582152,999200,50767,0213,437,202 19102,331,5421,634,351284,041430,98085,9694,766,883 19202,284,1032,018,356469,042732,016116,5315,620,048 19301,867,3122,560,4011,079,1291,265,258158,3466,930,446 19401,889,9242,698,2851,297,6341,394,711174,4417,454,995 19501,960,1012,738,1751,550,8491,451,277191,5557,891,957 19601,698,2812,627,3191,809,5781,424,815221,9917,781,984 19701,539,2332,602,0121,986,4731,471,701295,4437,894,862 19801,428,2852,230,9361,891,3251,168,972352,1217,071,639 19901,487,5362,300,6641,951,5981,203,789378,9777,322,564 20001,537,1952,465,3262,229,3791,332,650443,7288,008,278 20101,585,8732,504,7002,230,7221,385,108468,7308,175,133

5. I. The Constitution in Practice The Supreme Court –Marbury v Madison –Judicial Review Federal v State Power –Causes tension between North and South

6. II. Manifest Destiny

7. Manifest Destiny (cont.) Indian Removal –Native Americans were kicked off of the best land –Trail of Tears Monroe Doctrine –U.S. declares itself the hemispheric power –Europe should leave the Americas alone Mormon Migration –Some groups came West to escape persecution in America –Mormon leader, Joseph Smith, had new religious ideas Jesus had come to the New World Left tablets for Smith to discover with new religious teachings Polygamous –Mormon’s were attacked by other Christians Smith was killed Moved away to Utah (largely unsettled land) to set up their own religious community

9. III. Expansion and Slavery Led to the Civil War Racial Slavery –Ottoman Empire closed off white slaves to Europeans –Discovery of the New World meant high demand for slaves In post-American Revolution U.S. south was a slaved based economy, North wasn’t Westward Expansion continually stirred up tensions –Why? 3/5ths clause Nat Turner Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott

10. Expansion and Slavery Led to the Civil War (continued) South Seceded –Civil War North won –Slaves were freed

11. IV. Reconstruction Issues after Civil War –How to Re-unite North and South? –What to do with freed slaves? Northerners were torn between moderates and radicals –Moderates- be forgiving to southern whites. Don’t push too hard for black peoples’ rights. –Radicals- *$#% the white southerners. Crush them and force them to treat black people equally. A number of laws were passed to give black people equal rights –13 th amendment Outlawed slavery –14 th amendment All races get full citizenship rights –15 th amendment All citizens are guaranteed the right to vote

12. Reconstruction (Continued) Sounds like things are getting better for black people, yes? However, Southerners rose up against black rights –KKK –Separate facilities for whites and blacks Blacks as sharecroppers North tried to force the south to listen, but when a depression hit the country, they turned to their own concerns and forgot about/abandoned the southern blacks –Southern black people returned to a condition not a whole lot different from slavery So, in a sense, Reconstruction failed o Bright spot- at least the law said blacks were equal

13. V. Industrial Revolution I.R. tapped into a new power source –Fossil fuels –Increased human power millions-fold Positive Impacts –Transportation –Cheaper products –Better wages –opportunity –The rise of big business Negatives –Urbanization/overcrowding –Pollution –The rise of big business –Child Labor Gov in America Supports ‘Free Enterprise’ –Leaves business alone –Allows innovation, but also corruption –For example, unregulated banks make economy unstable

14. VI. The Rise of Big Business- the Gilded Age Robber Barons v Captains of Industry Monopolies and Trusts Gilded Age

15. VII. Immigration Push and Pull Factors Old Immigration –Before 1880 Northern and Western Europe Irish, English, Swedes, Germans, Dutch, etc. New Immigration –After 1880 Eastern and Southern Europe –Italians, Slavs, Russians, Poles Ethnic Enclaves

16. Immigration (cont.) Resistance to Immigration –Nativism The belief that ‘real Americans’ are superior to immigrants Irony? –Americanization Attempt to assimilate (cause to blend into new culture) immigrants

17. Nativist Cartoon

18. The Rise of Political Machines City gov’s can’t handle massive urbanization and industrial age problems in cities Political Machines/Bosses Fill the Gap –Provide services, especially to immigrants –Expect the votes of these immigrants in return –Do some good, but are outside of the system, so can be easily corrupted

19. Final Theme of the Unit  The Progressive Era Westward Expansion  Slavery Tensions That Exploded Immigration, Urbanization, and Big Business  Urban Tensions around class and living conditions that exploded For example, –The Jungle –Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Progressive Era – Attempts to solve the problems of Urbanization, Immigration, and Big Business

20. The Jungle