1. Learning Objectives
To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure.
To explain the movement allowed of each joint in the body, giving practical examples of what movement is used during specific actions.

2. Learning Outcomes
Pass:
Describe the different types of joint and the movements allowed at each
(P2)
Merit:
Explain how joints move during four different types of physical activity.
(M1)

3. How this will be evidenced:P2
Completing and defining key terms on a joints sheet.
Label the picture of a synovial joint. M1
Explain how at least 2 synovial joints move during four different actions in sport.

4. JOINTS RELEVANT WORKSHEETS – ‘Worksheet 2b’ P.E Department
‘Worksheet 3 – Bones’ P.E Department
‘A & B The Skeletal System – Types Of Joint’ P.E Department
‘Joints & Movement’ Page 8 WOSE Teacher Resource Book
‘Types Of Joint’ Page 9 & 10 WOSE Teacher Resource Book
‘Different Kinds Of Joints’ PE -16 Page 29 Qu. 1-4
‘Synovial Joints’ PE -16 Page 23 Qu. 1-5
‘Some Different Movements’ PE – 16 Page 25 Qu. 1-5
‘Questions on chapter 2’ PE – 16 Page 26 & 27 Qu

5. What is a Joint?
The definition of a point is…

6. JOINTS There are 3 types of joint. Freely moveable /Synovial joints
Fixed (immoveable)
Slightly moveable
The cranium and pelvis are fused
The spine is slightly moveable
Hip and shoulder freely moveable

7. Fixed Joints Can’t move at all. They interlock or overlap
They are held together by tough fibre
Example…
The joints on the cranium take time to fuse together when you are born they are still soft they are called fontaneles in babies

8. Slightly Moveable Joints
Can only move a little
Held together by ligaments
Joined by cartilage
The joints between most vertebrae are slightly moveable
LIGAMENTS – strong white chords that attach to bones across the joint & hold them in place. They are just a bit elastic
CARTILAGE – Like a gristly cushion, stops bones rubbing together, act as shock absorbers & can squash a little. It forms a slippery coating on the end of bones at synovial joints.

9. Synovial Joints Freely moveable Has the following parts;
Joint Capsule - an outer sleeve that protects the joint & holds the bones together. It is an extension of the skin.
Synovial Membrane – Lines the capsule and oozes slippery liquid called synovial fluid.
Synovial Fluid – nourishes the cartilage and cells and lubricates the joint to reduce friction.
Joint Cavity – A small gap between bones filled with synovial fluid. It lubricates the joint.
Cartilage & ligaments.

10. Types of Synovial Joints
BALL & SOCKET
Most moveable joint in the body.
It can turn in many directions
Examples…

11. Types of Synovial Joints
HINGE JOINT
Works like a door hinge
Opens until straight but no further
Examples…

12. Types of Synovial Joints
THE PIVOT JOINT
One bone (atlas) has a peg or ridge that sticks out.
The other bone (axis) has a ring or a notch that it fits onto.
This joint only allows rotation.
Examples…

13. Types of Synovial Joints
THE SADDLE JOINT
Allows movement back & forward & side to side.
Examples…

14. Types of Synovial Joints
THE CONDYLOID JOINT
The movement goes forward & back & side to side.
Ligaments prevent rotation.
Examples…

15. Types of Synovial Joints
THE GLIDING JOINT
The bones glide over one another.
There is small movement in all directions.
This is the least moveable of all synovial joints.
Examples…

16. Cartilage
What is it?

17. Ligaments
What do they attach to?
What do they do?

18. Tendons
What do tendons attach to?
What do they do?

19. Movements At Joints JOINT MOVEMENT ALLOWED BALL & SOCKET
FLEXION, EXTENSION, ADDUCTION, ABDUCTION, ROTATION, CIRCUMDUCTION.
HINGE
FLEXION & EXTENSION
PIVOT
ROTATION
SADDLE
FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION & ADDUCTION, CIRCUMDUCTION, ROTATION
CONDYLOID
FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION
GLIDING
A LITTLE GLIDING IN ALL DIRECTIONS.

20. MOVEMENTS
EXTENSION
FLEXION
ABDUCTION
FLEXION – Bending a limb between the bones to reduce the angle at a joint.
EXTENSION – Straightening a limb, increasing the angle at a joint.
ABDUCTION – Sideways movement away from the centre of the body

21. MOVEMENTS
CIRCUMDUCTION
ADDUCTION
ROTATION
TASK – mark on your sheet where an action is occurring & label the action
ADDUCTION – Sideways movement towards the centre of the body.
CIRCUMDUCTION – Moving a limb through a circle, a full 360 degrees.
ROTATION – Turning a part on its own axis.

22. CHARADES
In your pairs/groups – you must now think of a sporting action.
You must act it out – including the range of movement.
You score your points depending on how long it takes the rest of the class to guess:
Your sport
Your sporting action
The joint you are talking about (proper name)
The type of movement
You have 3 minutes to plan it! GO!!!