2.  Autosome - any chromosome other than the X & Y  Sex chromosomes – 23rd pair of determine sex in organism

3.  A picture of chromosomes arranged based on size and shape.

4.  Karyotypes can identify abnormal number of chromosomes due to mistakes during meiosis.  Nondisjunction: the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during Anaphase I or II. Anaphase 1 Anaphase 2

5. Can lead to a number of disorders in the baby. Trisomy (extra chromosome) or Monosomy (one less chromosome). Down’s syndrome Klinefelter’s syndrome Turner’s syndrome Edward’s syndrome

6.  Sex: Female  # of chromosomes =46  Diagnosis: healthy

7.  46  Male  Healthy

8.  Male  47  Klinefelters

10.  Female  45  Turners

12.  Female  47  Downs Syndrome

14.  Male  47  Edward’s syndrome

16.  A chart that shows the relationships within a family that can be used to trace inheritance.

17. A circle represents a female.A circle represents a female. A circle represents a female A square represents a male A horizontal line connecting a male and female represents a marriage A vertical line and a bracket connect the parents to their children. A shaded circle or square indicates that a person expresses the trait. A circle or square that is not shaded indicates that a person does not express the trait.

19. LauraTomArleneTomJoannChuck DianeJack TammyNicoleTomJeffMattJessJodieMs. PittMonicaCandiceKayla MaeTom

20.  In female cells, one X chromosome is randomly switched off.  The turned off X chromosome forms a dense region in the nucleus called a Barr body.

21.  An ongoing effort to analyze the human DNA sequence.

22.  Slide 23-38 I will do when I return.

23. Tay - Sachs Disease  More common among Jewish populations  Young children begin showing signs of slowed development  Severe impairment and death Build up of lipids in the body – lysosomes do not function properly

24. Cystic Fibrosis  More common in Caucasians  Mucus in respiratory tract, difficulty breathing  Extreme salty sweat  Mucus may cause secondary infections

25. Phenylketonuria (PKU)  Lack enzyme for normal metabolism  Phenylalanine builds up and causes brain damage  Newborns are routinely tested  Changes in diet lead to normal life

28. Sickle Cell Disease  More common in Africans (African-Americans)  Causes blood to be sickle shaped  Affects oxygen flow to organs, causing weakness, pain, anemia, etc  Heterozygotes are resistant to malaria

30.  Affected children usually have an affected parent  Heterozygotes are effected  Two heterozygotes (Hh x Hh) can produce a normal (hh) child

31. Huntington Disease  Neurological disorder, progressive degeneration of the brain  Symptoms appear later in life (40s, 50s)

34. Achondroplasia  Common form of Dwarfism  Short arms and legs, normal torso  Homozygotes (AA) do not survive

35.  Achondroplasia

37. Hypercholesterolemia  Incomplete dominance  Caused by a recessive allele, however in the heterozygous form (Hh), individuals have 2x the normal blood cholesterol levels