1. Spatial Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Different Soft Tissues of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) from Tebrau Straits, Peninsular Malaysia Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria, Ph.D Che Abd. Rahim Mohamed, Ph.D and Azadeh Shahbazi Environmental Forensics Laboratory Faculty of Environmental Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Spatial Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Different Soft Tissues of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) from Tebrau Straits, Peninsular Malaysia Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria, Ph.D Che Abd. Rahim Mohamed, Ph.D and Azadeh Shahbazi Environmental Forensics Laboratory Faculty of Environmental Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia JSPS Multilateral Cooperative Research Programme “Coastal Marine Science” Melaka, 19 – 20 May 2008

2. Biomonitoring of Pollutants using Mussels

4. ･ Cosmopolitan and widely distributed throughout the world. ･ Sedentary and better representative of the study area than mobile species. ･ Mussels accumulate contaminants by factors of 10 2 - 10 5 compared to seawater in their habitat. ･ High tolerance to pollution. ･ low or undetectable activity of enzyme systems that metabolize many xenobiotics. ･ Stable local populations. ･ Reasonable size for analysis. ･ Commercially valuable seafood species on a worldwide basis. Advantages of Using Mussels as Sentinel Organisms

7. Sampling Locations No LocationSampling date Shell length (mm) (min-max) Latitude ( 0 N) Longitude ( 0 E) Site description Kg.Pasir Puteh-1100507 48-65 55±0.48 01°29.108’103°49.003’ Industries, shipping, and urban runoff Kg.Pasir Puteh-2100507 50-65 56.1±0.41 01°29.108’103°49.003’ Industries, shipping, and urban run off Kg. Pasir Puteh JOHOR BHARU Singapore

10. PAHs fingerprinting in different tissues of green mussels (P.viridis) Kg.Pasir Puteh 1(Heavy Shipping Traffic ) TissuesLMW/HMWMP/PFluo/PyPhen/Anth Mantle1.711.450.471.89 Gill2.061.700.422.91 Foot0.871.500.394.77 Gonad2.041.100.442.31 Muscle2.831.150.584.19 Remainder1.431.090.392.06 Byssus1.431.090.392.06 Shell7..380.930.403.40 <1 >1 Zakaria et al., 2002 <0.5 >1 Zakaria et al., 2002 <1 >1 Budzinski(1997) <10 >25 Scolo(1986)

11. Total PAHs in different Soft tissues and hard tissues of P.viridis

12. PAHs fingerprinting in different tissues of green mussels (P.viridis) Kg.Pasir puteh (near restaurant) TissuesLMW/HMWMP/PFluo/PyPhen/Anth Mantle1.851.230.432.42 Gill3.252.240.404.29 Foot4.61.520.376.46 Gonad3.491.180.433.00 Muscle7.231.180.626.13 Remainder2.221.180.522.25 Byssus1.401.040.456.87 Shell16.231.120.626.05 <1 >1 Zakaria et al., 2002 <0.5 >1 Zakaria et al., 2002 <1 >1 Budzinski(1997) <10 >25 Scolo(1986)

13. Relative distribution of LMW PAHs

14. Diagnostic Ratio using Perylene/penta-aromatic isomers  The concentrations of perylene relative to the penta-aromatic isomers were calculated for the tissues of mussels collected from coastal waters of Pasir Puteh which characterized by a low abundance of perylene relative to the penta-aromatics.  Therefore it can be concluded that low abundance of perylene indicating a probable pyrogenic origin in different tissues

15. Conclusions PAHs concentrations in the different soft tissues of p. viridis were accumulated mainly in the lipids Gonad and gills of p. viridis as biomonitors of bioavailability and contamination of PAHs in semi- enclosed waters and bays The ratios of methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene and perylene to penta-aromatic ratios indicate that Tebrau Straits suffer widespread input of petrogenic PAHs along Tebrau Straits.

16. Acknowledgments Funding for this study has been partially provided by MOSTI through Science Fund Project # 040004- SF0681. Several graduate students are kindly acknowledged for their kind assistance.